| 世界主要国家及地区制造业GVC地位时空格局演化——基于TiVA数据库的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 冯锐,高菠阳,闫佳琪,胡桢培.世界主要国家及地区制造业GVC地位时空格局演化——基于TiVA数据库的研究[J].地理研究,2022,41(4):1054-1071. |
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| 作者姓名： | 冯锐 高菠阳 闫佳琪 胡桢培 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.广州大学经济与统计学院,广州 5100062.中央财经大学管理科学与工程学院,北京 100098 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41871115）；;国家社会科学基金项目（20CJY062）； |
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| 摘 要： | 在经济全球化和全球产业转移不断深化的背景下,不同国家在国际分工生产中所处的全球价值链（GVC）地位不同。一国能否从参与全球化中获益,日益取决于能否成功融入全球价值链,并在某一特定环节占据竞争优势。明确全球制造业大国的GVC地位,认识其国际分工及影响规律具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。利用TiVA数据库,测算世界59个国家及地区1995—2014年制造业GVC地位指数并分析其演变特征。结果显示：全球价值链地位较高的国家及地区主要分布在美洲、欧洲及东亚,位于中亚、西亚、非洲和大洋洲的国家参与极少,近年来高附加值生产环节呈现不断向少数国家及地区集中的趋势。大部分国家及地区劳动密集型行业地位较高,技术密集型地位指数较低,技术密集型行业的贸易附加值主要被少数掌握核心技术和价值链两端的国家及地区获得。从细分行业上看,核心国家及地区均呈现了分阶段演化的特征。在空间相关关系上,制造业整体和劳动密集型行业GVC地位指数均呈显著的空间集聚分布特征,且集聚程度先降低后升高,资本密集型行业GVC地位指数空间集聚分布最为显著且集聚程度不断增强,而技术密集型行业GVC地位指数空间集聚效应不明显。从空间集聚形式来看,大部分国家及地区GVC地位指数较低,贸易附加值被少数GVC地位较高的国家及地区获得。此外,外商直接投资、资本投入会抑制一国GVC地位的提升,科研创新能力对于一国GVC地位的提升起促进作用,出口规模与一国GVC地位呈明显的正向关系,行政效能对于一国GVC地位无明显影响,但是行政效能会促进外商直接投资对于GVC地位的抑制作用。
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| 关 键 词： | 价值链 产业转移 增加值贸易 GVC地位指数 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-04-15 |
Spatiotemporal evolution of the global value chain position of manufacturing countries and areas:Research based on TiVA database |
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| FENG Rui,GAO Boyang,YAN Jiaqi,HU Zhenpei.Spatiotemporal evolution of the global value chain position of manufacturing countries and areas:Research based on TiVA database[J].Geographical Research,2022,41(4):1054-1071. |
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| Authors: | FENG Rui GAO Boyang YAN Jiaqi HU Zhenpei |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Economics and Statistics, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China2. School of Management Science and Engineering, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100098, China |
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| Abstract: | Under the background of deepening economic globalization and global industrial transfer, different countries have different positions in global value chain (GVC) in international division of labor production. Whether a country can benefit from participating in globalization increasingly depends on its successful integration into global value chains and its competitive advantage in a particular segment. It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to clarify the GVC status of global manufacturing power and to understand its international division of labor and its influencing rules. This paper uses TiVA database to calculate the GVC status index and analyze its evolution characteristics of 59 countries and regions in the world from 1995 to 2014. The results show that the countries with high GVC status are mainly distributed in America, Europe and East Asia, and the countries in Central Asia, West Asia, Africa and Oceania have little participation. In recent years, the high value-added production links have been increasingly concentrated in a small number of countries. Most countries have a high position index in labor-intensive industries and a low position index in technology-intensive industries. The added value of technology-intensive industries is obtained by a few countries that master core technologies and both ends of the value chain. From the perspective of sub-sectors, the core countries and regions have shown the characteristics of staged evolution. In terms of spatial correlation, both the overall manufacturing industry and the labor-intensive industry GVC status index show significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, and the degree of agglomeration first decreases and then increases, and the spatial agglomeration distribution of the GVC status index for capital-intensive industries is most significant, which has been continuously strengthened, while the spatial agglomeration effect of the GVC status index of technology-intensive industries is not obvious. In terms of spatial agglomeration, the GVC status index of most countries is low, and the added value of trade is obtained by a few countries with higher GVC status. In addition, foreign direct investment and capital investment can restrain the improvement of a country's GVC status, scientific research and innovation ability can promote the improvement of a country's GVC status, export scale and a country's GVC status have a significant positive relationship, institutional quality has no significant impact on a country's GVC status. However, institutional quality will promote the inhibiting effect of foreign direct investment on GVC status. |
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| Keywords: | global value chain global shift value-added trade GVC positions index |
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