| 1980—2019年中国西北地区降雪和融雪时空变化特征北大核心CSCDCSSCI |
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| 引用本文： | 侯丽陶,蒲旭凡,李哲,张小文,张世强.1980—2019年中国西北地区降雪和融雪时空变化特征北大核心CSCDCSSCI[J].地理研究,2022,41(3):880-902. |
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| 作者姓名： | 侯丽陶 蒲旭凡 李哲 张小文 张世强 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.西北大学 陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,西安 7101272.西北大学城市与环境学院,西安 710127 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重大研发计划课题(2019YFC1510503)； |
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| 摘 要： | 西北地区降雪和融雪特征的长期变化对于融雪洪水过程的准确模拟具有重要意义。本研究基于1961—1979年站点观测的日降水和气温等数据,首先对比了湿球温度法、KS方法和双临界气温法计算的降雪量,确定了精度最高的双临界气温方案,进而计算了1980—2019年的日雪雨比,最后分析了雪雨比、降雪开始日期和融雪开始日期的变化规律。结果包括:①春季平均气温呈显著上升趋势,随海拔上升升温速率减小,青藏高原地区、东南部半干旱区、半湿润区春季气温上升速率略低于北疆、南疆、河西走廊及内蒙古西部,春季雪雨比在海拔1000 m以上呈显著下降趋势,在青藏高原地区、东南部半干旱区、半湿润区呈显著下降趋势;秋季平均气温显著上升,随海拔上升升温速率增大,空间上在青藏高原地区上升速率最快,秋季雪雨比在不同海拔和部分气候分区都呈不显著下降趋势;冬季平均气温在海拔2000 m以上呈现显著升温,且随着海拔的升高升温速率加快,空间上在青藏高原地区、东南部半干旱区、半湿润区呈现显著升温,降雪量在1000~2000 m呈现显著增加趋势,空间上在北疆地区呈现显著增加趋势。②降雪开始日期随着温度的升高在所有区域都没有显著的推迟,每一年的降雪开始日期在不同高程带和不同气候区之间的差别没有变化,仍为30~40d。③融雪开始日期在所有海拔区间和气候分区都呈现出显著的提前趋势,每一年的融雪开始的日期在不同高程带和不同气候区的差别仍为25~30d。降雪和融雪特征的变化说明气候变化可能已经对融雪洪水的特征产生了明显的影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 雪雨比 降雪量 变化 不同海拔 不同气候分区 西北地区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-12-17 |
Spatial and temporal characteristics of snowfall and snowmelt in Northwest China from 1980 to 2019 |
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| HOU Litao,PU Xufan,LI Zhe,ZHANG Xiaowen,ZHANG Shiqiang.Spatial and temporal characteristics of snowfall and snowmelt in Northwest China from 1980 to 2019[J].Geographical Research,2022,41(3):880-902. |
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| Authors: | HOU Litao PU Xufan LI Zhe ZHANG Xiaowen ZHANG Shiqiang |
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| Institution: | 1. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Earth System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi′an 710127, China2. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi′an 710127, China |
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| Abstract: | Long-term variations of snowfall and snowmelt in Northwest China is critical to accurate modelling of snowmelt flood process. This study is based on the daily in-situ observed snowfall, precipitation and air temperature from 1961 to 2019. Firstly, the snowfall calculated by wet bulb temperature method, KS method and double critical air temperature method are compared with observed snowfall during 1961-1979. Then, the double critical air temperature method is determined to calculate the daily snow rain ratio from 1980 to 2019. Finally, the changes of snow rain ratio, snowfall and snowmelt start date are analyzed. The main results are as follows: (1) The spring mean air temperature showed a significant upward trend, and the warming rate decreased with the increase of altitude. The rising rate of spring air temperature in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, southeast semi-arid and semi-humid regions was slightly lower than that in the other three areas. In spring, the ratio of snow to rain decreased significantly above an altitude of 1000 m, and decreased significantly over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, southeast semi-arid and semi-humid regions; in autumn, the mean air temperature increased significantly, and the warming rate increased with the increase of altitude. Spatially, there is a significent increasing trend in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results show that the snow rain ratio in autumn does not show a significant downward trend at different altitudes and in different climatic zones; the mean air temperature in winter rises significantly above an altitude of 2000 m, and the warming rate accelerates with the increase of altitude. Spatially, there is a significant warming in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the southeast semi-arid and semi-humid regions. The snowfall shows a significant increasing trend at altitudes of 1000-2000 m. Spatially, there is a significant increasing trend in northern Xinjiang. (2) With the increase of temperature, the start date of snowfall did not advance significantly in all the regions. The difference of the start date of snowfall at different altitudes and in different climatic zones was still 30-40 days. (3) The start date of snowmelt showed a significant advance trend at all altitudes and in different climatic zones. The difference of the start date of snowmelt at different altitudes and in different climatic zones was still 25-30 days. The variations of snowfall and snowmelt indicate that climate change have had a significant impact on the characteristics of snowmelt flood. |
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| Keywords: | snow rain ratio snowfall changes different altitudes different climatic zones Northwest China |
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