| 基于Sentinel-1卫星数据的北极西北航道通航适宜性分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 周雪飞,徐嘉,张绪冰.基于Sentinel-1卫星数据的北极西北航道通航适宜性分析[J].冰川冻土,2022,44(1):117-132. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周雪飞 徐嘉 张绪冰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国地质大学(武汉) 地理与信息工程学院 国家地理信息系统工程技术研究中心, 湖北 武汉 430078;2.中国空间技术研究院 北京空间飞行器总体设计部, 北京 100094 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国空间技术研究院研究基金项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 北极西北航道对北极资源开发与世界贸易格局有重要影响。针对当前西北航道通航适宜性时空变化分析研究中时空分辨率低、时效性差等问题，利用2015—2019年每年9月及2019年8月1日至9月20日的Sentinel-1 SAR数据，基于k均值非监督分类方法反演了十米级高空间分辨率海冰密集度。通过长时序宏观跟踪和短时序精细分析西北航道全线通航窗口，并以70%的海冰密集度作为阈值，测算了西北航道经过重要海湾及海峡累计不可通航的次数。结果表明：西北航道的航情随冰情而变，通航能力尚不稳定。具体来说，西北航道的冰情呈现东轻西重、南轻北重的格局，不可通航节点个数东少西多、南少北多。2018年9月西北航道通航情况最差，高于可通航阈值的海冰覆盖面积占总航道面积的35.24%，共有10个不可通航节点。2016年和2019年9月的通航情况较好，阿蒙森湾—科罗内申湾—毛德皇后湾—维多利亚海峡—富兰克林海峡—皮尔海峡—巴罗海峡—兰开斯特海峡段航道（航道C）可实现全线通航。进一步通过小尺度时间窗口研究发现，西北航道的最佳通航窗口为8月下旬至9月上旬，期间共出现3条全线通航的航道；最佳通航路线为航道C，其连续通航时间长达30天。
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| 关 键 词： | 西北航道 海冰密集度 北极 Sentinel-1 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-06-17 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022-02-03 |
Navigable suitability analysis of the Arctic Northwest Passage based on Sentinel-1 satellite data |
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| ZHOU Xuefei,XU Jia,ZHANG Xubing.Navigable suitability analysis of the Arctic Northwest Passage based on Sentinel-1 satellite data[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2022,44(1):117-132. |
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| Authors: | ZHOU Xuefei XU Jia ZHANG Xubing |
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| Institution: | 1.National Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information System，School of Geography and Information Engineering，China University of Geosciences （Wuhan），Wuhan 430078，China;2.Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering，China Academy of Space Technology，Beijing 100094，China |
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| Abstract: | The Arctic Northwest Passage has an important impact on the development of Arctic resources and the pattern of world trade. To address the problems of low spatial and temporal resolution and poor timeliness in the current study of spatial and temporal variability analysis of navigable suitability of the Northwest Passage， this paper made the following research. High-resolution Sentinel-1 SAR data and k-means method are used to estimate the ten-meter high spatial resolution sea ice concentration （SIC）. The navigable window of the Northwest Passage is determined through macro-tracking of long-term series and precision analysis of short-time series. Taking 70% SIC as the threshold， the cumulative number of times that the Northwest Passage failed to pass through important bays and straits was analyzed. The results show that navigation in the Northwest Passage varies with ice conditions， and its navigability is still unstable. Specifically， the ice situation in the Northwest Passage shows a pattern of light in the east and heavy in the west， light in the south and heavy in the north. The number of non-navigable nodes is less in the east and more in the west， less in the south and more in the north. Navigation of the Northwest Passage in September 2018 was the worst compared to other years during the study period. The area covered by sea ice above the navigable threshold accounts for 35.24% of the total channel area， with a total of 10 non-navigable nodes. In contrast， September 2016 and 2019 have better navigation. The A.G.—C.G.—Q.M.G.—V.S.—F.S.—P.S.—B.S.—L.S. section of the channel （Channel C） is fully navigable. Further studies through small-scale time windows revealed that the best navigable window for the Northwest Passage is late August to early September， during which a total of three fully navigable channels occur. Channel C is the best navigable route of the Northwest Passage， and its continuous navigable period is up to 30 days. |
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| Keywords: | Northwest Passage sea ice concentration Arctic Sentinel-1 |
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