Fluvial deposits as an archive of early human activity |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Archaeology, Deccan College, Pune 411 006, India;2. Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;3. McGregor Museum, Kimberley, South Africa;4. UMR CNRS 8591—Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, 1 Place Aristide Briand, 92195 Meudon cedex, France;5. Department of Geography, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;6. Departamento Estratigrafía, Facultad Ciencias Geoló gicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Calle José Antonio Nováis 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;7. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK;8. Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK;9. Faculty of Mathematics and Computing, The Open University, Eldon House, Gosforth, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE3 3PW, UK;1. Department of Geography, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;2. Institute of Archaeology & Antiquity, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;3. School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;1. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia;2. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentieva 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;1. Dept. Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV-EHU. Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain;2. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Spain;3. Équipe de Paléontologie Humaine, UMR 7194, CNRS, Département de Préhistoire, Muséum national d''Histoire naturelle, Musée de l''Homme, 17, Place du Trocadéro, 75016 Paris, France;4. Centro UCM-ISCIII de Investigación sobre Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5 (Pabellón 14), 28029 Madrid, Spain;5. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Internacional Isabel I de Castilla, C/ Fernán González n° 76, 09003 Burgos, Spain;6. Department of Geology, School of Science, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;7. Laboratorio de Prehistoria, Edificio I+D+i, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain;8. Department of Palaeontology, School of Geological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;9. Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, School of Science and Technology, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain;10. ARANZADI Geo-Q, b/ Kortasenebarri s/n, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain;11. CENIEH, Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca, 3, 09002 Burgos, Spain;12. Arkeologi Museoa, Calzadas de Mallona, 2, 48006 Bilbao, Spain;13. Edestiaurre Kultur Elkartea, Spain;1. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi''an 710075, China;2. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China;3. Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;1. Research Group on Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany;2. Department of Human Evolution, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany;3. Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universitat de València, València, Spain;4. Museu de Prehistòria de València, Servei d''Investigació Prehistòrica, Diputació de València, València, Spain;5. Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain;1. Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, Spain;2. Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Madrid, Spain;3. Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;4. IDEA (Instituto de Evolución en África), Madrid, Spain;5. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Tarragona, Spain;6. Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain;7. Área de Prehistoria, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain;8. Universidad de Oviedo. Campus Humanidades El Milán, Oviedo, Spain;9. Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;10. Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany;11. Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;12. Université de Bordeaux, PACEA UMR 5199, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 33615, Pessac, France;13. Cátedra de Bioacústica Evolutiva y Paleoantropología (HM Hospitales – Universidad de Alcalá), Área de Antropología Física, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Spain;14. Aragosaurus-IUCA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain;15. Estación paleontológica Valle del río Fardes, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME), Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain;1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China;2. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5199 – PACEA, Université de Bordeaux, Bat. B18, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, CS 50023, F - 33615 Pessac Cedex, France;3. Evolutionary Studies Institute and DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | River terraces are well established as an important source of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic artefacts in Europe, large collections having been assembled there during the years of manual gravel extraction. Now that many terrace sequences can be reliably dated and correlated with the oceanic record, potentially useful patterns can be recognized in the distribution of artefacts. The earliest appearance of artefacts in terrace staircases, marking the arrival of the first tool-making hominins in the region in question, is the first of several archaeological markers within fluvial sequences. The Lower to Middle Palaeolithic transition, with the appearance of Levallois, is another. Others may be more regional in significance: the occurrences of Clactonian (Mode 1) industry, twisted ovate handaxes and bout coupé handaxes, for example. IGCP Project no. 449 instigated the compilation of fluvial records from all over the ‘old world’. Comparison between British and Central European sequences confirms the established view that there is a demarcation between handaxe making in the west and flake/core industries in the east. Other centres of activity reported here have been in the Middle East (Syria), South Africa and India. Data from such areas will be key in deciphering the story of the earlier ‘out-of-Africa’ migration, that by pre-Homo sapiens people. There is clear evidence for diachroneity between the first appearances of different industries, in keeping with the well-established idea of northward migration. |
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