Holocene coastal evolution and uplift mechanisms of the northeastern Raukumara Peninsula,North Island,New Zealand |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand;2. GNS Science, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand;1. The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China;2. The Research Center of the China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing, China;3. The Survey Center of China Oilfield Services Limited, Tianjin, China;1. GNS Science, PO Box 30-368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand;2. Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;3. Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;4. School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand;5. Department of Earth Sciences & Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA;6. Earth System Science Dept, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3100, USA;7. GNS Science, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand;8. Landcare Research, PO Box 40, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand;9. Soil and Physical Sciences Department, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand;10. Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA;11. School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen''s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT7 1NN, UK;1. GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand;2. Nevada Seismological Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;1. Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;2. School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen''s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT7 1NN, UK;3. Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;4. School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand;1. Engineering Department, Federal University of Lavras, CP3037 Lavras, MG, Brazil;2. Forestry Department, Federal University of Lavras, CP3037 Lavras, MG, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The coastal geomorphology of the northeastern Raukumara Peninsula, New Zealand, is examined with the aim of determining the mechanisms of Holocene coastal uplift. Elevation and coverbed stratigraphic data from previously interpreted coseismic marine terraces at Horoera and Waipapa indicate that, despite the surface morphology, there is no evidence that these terraces are of marine or coseismic origin. Early Holocene transgressive marine deposits at Hicks Bay indicate significant differences between the thickness of preserved intertidal infill sediments and the amount of space created by eustatic sea level rise, therefore uplift did occur during early Holocene evolution of the estuary. The palaeoecology and stratigraphy of the sequence shows no evidence of sudden land elevation changes. Beach ridge sequences at Te Araroa slope gradually toward the present day coast with no evidence of coseismic steps. The evolution of the beach ridges was probably controlled by sediment supply in the context of a background continuous uplift rate. No individual dataset uniquely resolves the uplift mechanism. However, from the integration of all evidence we conclude that Holocene coastal uplift of this region has been driven by a gradual, aseismic mechanism. An important implication of this is that tectonic uplift mechanisms do vary along the East Coast of the North Island. This contrasts with conclusions of previous studies, which have inferred Holocene coastal uplift along the length of the margin was achieved by coseismic events. This is the first global example of aseismic processes accommodating uplift at rates of >1 mm yr−1 adjacent to a subduction zone and it provides a valuable comparison to subduction zones dominated by great earthquakes. |
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