Geochemistry of fluoride rich groundwater in Kolar and Tumkur Districts of Karnataka |
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| Authors: | P Mamatha Sudhakar M Rao |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India;(2) Department of Civil Engineering and Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India |
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| Abstract: | Groundwater is a significant water resource in India for domestic, irrigation, and industrial needs. By far the most serious
natural groundwater-quality problem in India, in terms of public health, derives from high fluoride, arsenic, and iron concentrations.
Hydrogeochemical investigation of fluoride contaminated groundwater samples from Kolar and Tumkur Districts in Karnataka are
undertaken to understand the quality and potability of groundwater from the study area, the level of fluoride contamination,
the origin and geochemical mechanisms driving the fluoride enrichment. Majority of the groundwater samples did not meet the
potable water criteria as they contained excess (>1.5 mg/L) fluoride, dissolved salts (>500 mg/L) and total hardness (75–924 mg/L).
Hydrogeochemical facies of the groundwater samples suggest that rock weathering and evaporation–crystallization control the
groundwater composition in the study area with 50–67% of samples belonging to the Ca–HCO3 type and the remaining falling into the mixed Ca–Na–HCO3 or Ca–Mg–Cl type. The saturation index values indicated that the groundwater in the study area is oversaturated with respect
to calcite and under-saturated with respect to fluorite. The deficiency of calcium ion concentration in the groundwater from
calcite precipitation favors fluorite dissolution leading to excess fluoride concentration. |
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