High-frequency near-bottom acoustic reflection signatures of hydrocarbon seeps on the Northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope |
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| Authors: | W W Sager Chang S Lee I R MacDonald and W W Schroeder |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA, US;(2) Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA, US;(3) Marine Science Program, University of Alabama, P.O. Box 369, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA, US |
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| Abstract: | Acoustic reflection signatures of four hydro-carbon seeps were classified using near-bottom 25-kHz echosounder profiles.
Echo patterns were compared with ground-truth data obtained by submersible observations and shallow coring. Six echo types
were distinguished: strong reflections from (1) exposed or (2) buried hard substrates, such as authigenic carbonate or gas
hydrate; acoustic scattering in (3) unlayered or (4) layered sediments owing to gas, shells, or disseminated carbonates; (5) attenuation
caused by gas; and (6) undisturbed sediments. Echo type distributions suggest that high spatial variability indicates a younger,
vigorous seep, whereas extensive hard substrate implies an older, encrusted seep.
Received: 29 May 1998 / Revision received: 7 October 1998 |
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