| 既地下水采补平衡又冬小麦稳产的探讨 |
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| 引用本文： | 张雪靓,任理.既地下水采补平衡又冬小麦稳产的探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,2021,48(4):190-198. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张雪靓 任理 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院土地资源管理系，北京 100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41807183）；国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项/农业部行业计划（201303133） |
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| 摘 要： | 河北省太行山山前平原浅层地下水位持续下降，问题十分突出，然而，该区域又是我国优质冬小麦的重要产区。能否实现在浅层地下水采补平衡的同时做到冬小麦稳产，是该区域水资源保护和农业生产管理工作中亟待回答的重要问题。基于分布式水文模型的模拟结果表明:在该区域若要实现地下水位止降回升这一压采目标，仅利用浅层地下水进行灌溉，冬小麦的产量会减少40%以上。考虑到南水北调中线工程的引水线路自南向北贯穿河北省太行山山前平原，建议在冬小麦关键需水期的灌溉中采用“一水用浅层地下水另一水用南水北调水”的“修改的春浇两水”模式。基于模拟结果的估算表明:在这种限水灌溉模式下有望实现浅层地下水采补基本平衡且冬小麦基本稳产。值得注意的是，这种“修改的春浇两水”模式，需要南水北调中线引水工程每年提供的灌溉水量大约为8.6×108 m3，灌溉成本较纯井灌至少增加562.5～1282.5元/hm2。本研究可为我国最典型的浅层地下水超采区——河北省太行山山前平原探索保产量与节水并举的新路径提供定量化的参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 浅层地下水 采补平衡 冬小麦 稳产 限水灌溉 南水北调 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-04-16 |
A study of achieving groundwater equilibrium and stable winter wheat yield simultaneously |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Land Resources Management, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China2.Department of Soil and Water Sciences, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China |
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| Abstract: | The piedmont plain of Taihang Mountains in Hebei Province is the most severe shallow groundwater depletion region in China, as well as an important growing area of winter wheat with high quality. How to achieve the goals of shallow groundwater equilibrium and stable winter wheat yield simultaneously has become a key issue for the water management and agricultural production of this well-irrigated plain. The simulated results based on a distributed hydrological model showed that to satisfy the constraint of stopping shallow groundwater drawdown, the average minimal reduction in winter wheat yield would be over 40%. It was difficult to maintain the current winter wheat production only rely on the shallow groundwater resource carrying capacity. The middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) project that goes through the piedmont plain of Taihang Mountains in Hebei Province provides a potential source of irrigation water to this region. In this context, we proposed a limited irrigation scheme by applying two rounds of irrigation – one round using shallow groundwater and one round using SNWD water –for the winter wheat. The estimated results showed that under this limited irrigation scheme, it would be expected to basically realize shallow groundwater equilibrium as well as maintain the winter wheat yield stable. It should be noted that approximately 8.6×108 m3 of SNWD water would be required every year as the irrigation source, and the irrigation cost would increase by 562.5～1282.5 yuan/hm2 at least. This alternative limited irrigation scheme could serve as a quantitative reference for this shallow groundwater overexploited region to explore the trade-off between crop production and water saving. |
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