Groundwater arsenic contamination in Manipur,one of the seven North-Eastern Hill states of India: a future danger |
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| Authors: | Dipankar Chakraborti E Jayantakumar Singh Bhaskar Das Babar Ali Shah M Amir Hossain Bishwajit Nayak Sad Ahamed N Rajmuhon Singh |
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| Institution: | (1) Present address: School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India;(2) Department of Geological Sciences, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India;(3) Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh;(4) Department of Chemistry, Manipur University, Canchipur, Manipur, 95003, India |
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| Abstract: | Manipur State, with a population of 2.29 million, is one of the seven North-Eastern Hill states in India, and is severely
affected by groundwater arsenic contamination. Manipur has nine districts out of which four are in Manipur Valley where 59%
of the people live on 10% of the land. These four districts are all arsenic contaminated. We analysed water samples from 628
tubewells for arsenic out of an expected total 2,014 tubewells in the Manipur Valley. Analyzed samples, 63.3%, contained >10 μg/l
of arsenic, 23.2% between 10 and 50 μg/l, and 40% >50 μg/l. The percentages of contaminated wells above 10 and 50 μg/l are
higher than in other arsenic affected states and countries of the Ganga–Meghna–Brahmaputra (GMB) Plain. Unlike on the GMB
plains, in Manipur there is no systematic relation between arsenic concentration and the depth of tubewells. The source of
arsenic in GMB Plain is sediments derived from the Himalaya and surrounding mountains. North-Eastern Hill states were formed
at late phase of Himalaya orogeny, and so it will be found in the future that groundwater arsenic contamination in the valleys
of other North-Eastern Hill states. Arsenic contaminated aquifers in Manipur Valley are mainly located within the Newer Alluvium.
In Manipur, the high rainfall and abundant surface water resources can be exploited to avoid repeating the mass arsenic poisoning
that has occurred on the GMB plains. |
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| Keywords: | Groundwater arsenic contamination North-Eastern Hill states Manipur Valley Arsenic with depth of tubewell Watershed management |
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