Tephrochronology of the Toluca Basin,central Mexico |
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| Institution: | 1. CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal;2. Department of Chemistry and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;3. CESAM and Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;4. MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Center, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal;5. Instituto da Biodiversidade e das Áreas Protegidas (IBAP). Bissau, Guinea-Bissau;6. Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Prof. Baeta Neves”, InBio – Rede de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;7. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom;1. Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Blvd. Juriquilla No. 3001, Querétaro C.P. 76230, Mexico;2. Departamento de Vulcanología, Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico;3. Facultad de Ingeniería, División de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico;1. Department of Geology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94558, United States of America;2. Department of Geology, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, United States of America;1. Department of Neurology, Tokyo Teishin Hospital, 2-14-23 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8798, Japan;2. Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The major element glass geochemistry of 10 Late Pleistocene and Holocene tephras found in the Toluca Basin in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt is reported for the first time, as a key step towards establishing a tephrochronology for the region. The context for this tephrochronology is provided by a review of Late Quaternary volcanism of the basin. New tephra samples were collected from reference profiles around the basin in order to establish major element glass geochemical data for tephras described in previous publications, but not previously analysed. In addition, cores were taken from the basin floor to extend the known spatial distribution of the tephra layers and establish correlations with the lacustrine record. Improved chronological control has been provided by seven new AMS and conventional radiocarbon dates on the major tephras. Geochemical data are presented for 10 tephras ranging in age from ca. 25,000 BP (Lower Toluca Pumice) to about 8500 BP (Tres Cruces Tephra). Based on geochemical data, it is possible to correlate between sites within the Toluca Basin and between the Toluca Basin and the Basin of Mexico. The basis for a tephrochronological framework has been established. |
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