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Biodegradation of phthalic acid esters in sewage sludge by composting with pig manure and rice straw |
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| Authors: | Jie Fu Fei Pan Shuang Song Li-Rong Zhang Yin Luo Wu Chen Ying Liang |
| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, People’s Republic of China 2. State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People’s Republic of China 3. Engineering Research Center for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430073, People’s Republic of China 4. School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People’s Republic of China |
| Abstract: | To comparatively study the biodegradation of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in sewage sludge by composting with pig manure or with rice straw, four composting modes were designed: Mode 1 (sewage sludge + pig manure + intermittent aeration), Mode 2 (sewage sludge + pig manure + continuous aeration), Mode 3 (sewage sludge + rice straw + intermittent aeration) and Mode 4 (sewage sludge + rice straw + continuous aeration). Physicochemical parameters of composts were measured according to standard methods and PAEs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The biodegradation of each PAE was also discussed. The results showed that Mode 1 was the best mode to biodegrade PAEs, which might be related to the wide class of indigenous microbial communities in pig manure and high efficiency of intermittent ventilation for providing oxygen. During the biodegradation process, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was the most abundant and decisive for the removal of total PAEs. It showed a first-order kinetic degradation model. In conclusion, composting with pig manure could be suggested as an effective detoxification process for the removal of PAEs from sewage sludge, providing a safe end product. |
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