Fish faunal and habitat analyses using trawls,camera sleds and submersibles in benthic deep-sea habitats off central California |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;2. IPMA – Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal;3. King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;1. CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Departamento de Biologia da Universidade dos Açores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal;2. MPB, Marine PalaeoBiogeography Working Group, University of Azores, Azores, Portugal;3. Biocenter Grindel and Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;4. Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021-1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;1. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia;2. Caspian Institute of Biological Resources of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Russia;3. Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia;4. Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia;5. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia;6. Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, Russia;7. Dagestan State Nature Reserve, Makhachkala, Russia;1. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia;2. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia;3. Caspian Institute of Biological Resources of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makhachkala, Russia;4. Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia;5. Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia;6. Dagestan State Nature Reserve, Makhachkala, Russia;7. Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Beam trawl, camera sled and submersible data from 2 000–3 300 m off central California produced similar fish faunal composition, but different density estimates. All species caught in trawls were observed in camera-sled and submersible observations. However, some rare species that were observed were not caught in trawls. The fish fauna was dominated by the families Macrouridae, Zoarcidae, Moridae, and Rajidae. Fishes both trawled and observed were the macrourids Coryphaenoides armatus, C. filifer and C. leptolepis; the zoarcids Bothrocara spp., Pachycara lepinium and Lycenchelys spp.; the morid Antimora microlepis; the rajid Bathyraja trachura, the ophidiid Spectrunculus grandis, and the liparidid Careproctus ovigerum. One unidentified liparidid (Paraliparis sp.) and two unidentified Lycenchelys spp. were trawled and may have been seen but also could not be identified to species from photographs. Observed only in photographs were the liparidids Paraliparis rosaceus and Careproctus melanurus, synodontid Bathysaurus mollis, and notocanthid Notacanthus chemnitzii. These three techniques differed in their ability to provide specimens for accurate identification, counts, and later life history (feeding habit, age and growth, and reproduction) studies, and to provide information on dispersion, habitat utilization, behavior and interactions. Accurate density estimates were undoubtedly hampered by trawl and camera sled avoidance, escape, and uncertainties concerning the area trawled. Camera sleds produced higher (and perhaps better) estimates of density. Submersible observations from the DSV Alvin produced a similar species list but little additional, quantitative information. Both visual techniques allowed habitat characterization, but no strong faunal associations with habitat types were observed. |
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