The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: distribution and preliminary risk evaluation |
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| Authors: | Peng Cui Ying-yan Zhu Yong-shun Han Xiao-qing Chen Jian-qi Zhuang |
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| Institution: | (1) The Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process, CAS, Chengdu, China;(2) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS, P.O. Box 417, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China;(3) Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China |
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| Abstract: | The Wenchuan earthquake, measured at M
s 8.0 according to the China Earthquake Administration, occurred at 14:28 on 12 May 2008 in the Sichuan Province of China.
It brought overwhelming destruction to eight provinces and cities. Landslides and rock avalanches triggered by the earthquake
produced 257 landslide lakes which were distributed along the fault rupture zone and river channels. The authors traveled
to the disaster zone immediately after the earthquake to examine some of the features of the debris dams and performed a quick
evaluation of the potential for outburst of earthquake-induced landslide lakes for the purpose of disaster relief. The preliminary
analysis indicated that the landslide lakes could be classified as those exhibiting extremely high risk, medium risk, and
low risk according to field observations and remote sensing, to determine material composition, dam structure, dam height,
maximum water storage capacity, and size of the population potentially affected area. The failure risk of 21 debris dams were
evaluated as follows: one dam with an extremely high danger risk, seven dams with a high danger, five dams with a medium danger,
and eight dams of low danger. More concern was given to the Tangjiashan Lake and different scenarios for the potential sudden
failure of its dam were assessed. The risk evaluation result was accepted in full, by the earthquake disaster relief office.
A successful emergency dam treatment for risk reduction was planned, based on our assessments, and these measures were quickly
carried out. According to this research, the earthquake destabilized the surrounding mountains, resulting in a prolonged geohazard
for the area. Landslides and debris flows will continue to develop for at least 5 to 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake
and will produce additional dammed lakes. Recommendations and plans for earthquake–landslide lake mitigation were proposed,
based on past successful practices. |
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