The role of plasma ejections in the development of large solar flares of various durations |
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| Authors: | A N Shakhovskaya M A Livshits I M Chertok |
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| Institution: | (1) Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauchnyĭ, Crimea, 334413, Ukraine;(2) Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radiowave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow oblast, 142190, Russia |
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| Abstract: | Recent observations indicate that relatively strong plasma ejections are accompanied by the formation of systems of coronal loops with two glowing ribbons near their footpoints. However, while two-ribbon flares can sometimes last for many hours, for example, soft X rays, they sometimes decay within tens of minutes. We study here factors affecting the durations of flares using four major flares occurring in July 15–18, 2002, as examples. Various ground-based and satellite observations are used to show that short-duration events involved collimated (narrow) plasma ejections directed to the north and the subsequent formation of compact loops in the leading part of the active region. During one event, a powerful eastward ejection in a wide solid angle was followed by the formation of an extended arch system in the trailing part, which determined the long duration of the flare. It is proposed that in events involving collimated jets and corresponding narrow features in coronal mass ejections (CMEs), systems of coronal loops do form, but post-eruptive energy release either does not occur or is expressed very faintly. So the energy does not go downward from this region, and the plasma is emitted free in the coronal loops. In contrast to such rapid flares, wide ejections and bright, large-scale CMEs are accompanied by the formation and prolonged existence of an extended arch system. Thus, powerful nonstationary solar processes involve a large-scale CME and the flare itself, with the pattern of a particular event determined by the reconnection scenario and the evolution of the ejected plasma. |
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