| 塔里木河干流上游中、下段河床淤积和耗水对生态环境的影响 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 王进,龚伟华,沈永平,高前兆,王顺德.塔里木河干流上游中、下段河床淤积和耗水对生态环境的影响[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(6):1086-1093. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 王进 龚伟华 沈永平 高前兆 王顺德 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 阿克苏水文水资源勘测局,新疆,阿克苏,843000;中国科学院,寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃,兰州,730000 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划)，国家自然科学基金，科技部国际科技合作项目，中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 塔里木河干流上游中、下段河床一直呈淤积状态, 新渠满站1965-2007年总淤积厚度达120 cm, 平均年淤积3.0 cm. 其中: 1965-1990年25 a淤积50 cm, 年均淤积2.0 cm, 1991-2007年17 a中河床淤积加快, 总淤积70 cm, 年均淤积4.7 cm. 由于河床淤积, 河道行洪断面缩水, 洪水漫溢不断增大, 导致上游段耗水量呈不断增加趋势, 2001年起上游段己成为干流最大的耗水区. 阿克苏河、和田河和叶尔羌河3条源流出山口多年平均年输沙量为6310×10~4t, 进入塔里木河干流龙头站--阿拉尔站多年平均年输沙量为2050×10~4t, 干流上游段多年平均年泥沙淤积量为1462×10~4t, 占塔里木河阿拉尔站多年平均年输沙量的71.3%, 是干流最大的泥沙淤积区, 也是现今最大的洪水漫溢区和耗水区. 塔里木河干流上、中、 下游各水文点年输沙量呈急剧減少趋势, 泥沙淤积河道主要是上游段的沙雅二牧场至英巴扎318 km河段. 塔里木河上游段河长495 km, 多年平均区间耗水量14.48×10~8m~3, 占阿拉尔站多年径流量的31.5%;中游河长398 km, 多年平均区间耗水量24.84×10~8m~3, 占阿拉尔站年径流量的54.0%;下游河长428 km, 多年平均区耗水量6.68×10~8m~3, 占阿拉尔站年径流量的 14.5%. 上、 中游段多年平均区间耗水量39.32×10~8m~3, 占阿拉尔站年径流量的85.5%. 上游耗水量从2001年起成为塔里木河干流最大的耗水区, 导致2002、 2005和2006年上、中游耗水量达到50.0×10~8m~3, 占阿拉尔站年径流量的88%, 成为历史最大值.
|
| 关 键 词： | 塔里木河干流 上游中下段 河床淤积加快 耗水呈增加趋势 生态环境 |
Effects of Riverbed Deposition and Water Consumption on Ecological Environment in Middle and Lower Sections of Upper Reaches of Mainstream of Tarim River |
| |
| WANG Jin,GONG Wei-hua,SHEN Yong-ping,GAO Qian-zhao,WANG Shun-de.Effects of Riverbed Deposition and Water Consumption on Ecological Environment in Middle and Lower Sections of Upper Reaches of Mainstream of Tarim River[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2009,31(6):1086-1093. |
| |
| Authors: | WANG Jin GONG Wei-hua SHEN Yong-ping GAO Qian-zhao WANG Shun-de |
| |
| Abstract: | The riverbed has shown a deposition state in the middle and lower segment of the upper reaches of the Tarim River. The total sediment thickness is up to 120 cm in the recent 40 years, with an average annual of 3.0 cm. In which, the total sediment thickness is 50 cm in the period of 1965 to 1990, with a mean annual of 2.0 cm. However, in 1991 to 2007, the total sediment thickness is up to 70 cm, with an mean annual of 4.7 cm. The silting of the riverbed is accelerating. Due to the silting of the rivers, river flood cross-section shrink, floods spillover is increasing, leading to the water consumption showed an increasing trend in the upper reaches. And the upper reaches of the Tarim River has become the largest water consumption district since 2001. The average annual mountainous sediment load of three source flows is 6 310 ×10~4t, influx the Alar Station, which is the leading station of the Tarim River, the average annual mountainous sediment load is 2 050 ×10~4t. The mean annual sedimentation volume is 1 462 ×10~4t in the upper reaches of the Tarim River, accounting for 71.3% of the sediment load in Aral stations, and is the largest sedimentation area and flood overflow area and the water consumption district of the main stream in the Tarim River. The annual sediment discharge is decreasing dramatically in the hydrological stations in the mainstream of the Tarim River. The channel of sedimentation is mainly the 318 km river which is from Shaya Twp-pasture to Yingbazha. The upper reaches of the Tarim River is 495 km long, the average water consumption is 14.48×10~8m~3, accounting for 31.5% in annual runoff of Aral Station. The middle reaches of the Tarim River is 398 km long, the average water consumption is 24.84×10~8m~3, accounting for 54.0% in annual runoff of Aral Station. The lower reaches of the Tarim River is 428km long, the average water consumption is 6.68×10~8m~3, accounting for 14.5% in annual runoff of Aral Station. The mean annual water consumption is 39.32×10~8m~3 in the upper and middle reaches, accounting for 85.5% in annual runoff of Aral Station. The upper reaches has became the largest water consumption district in Tarim River since 2001, that resulting in the water consumption reached 50.0×10~8m~3 in the upper and middle reaches in 2002, 2005 and 2006, accounting for 88% of annual runoff of Aral station, and becoming the maximum in its history. |
| |
| Keywords: | Tarim River the middle and lower sections of the upper reaches riverbed sediment accelerating water consumption increasing eco-environment |
| 本文献已被 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
|
