Calibrating biogeochemical and physical climate proxies from non-varved lake sediments with meteorological data: methods and case studies |
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| Authors: | Lucien von Gunten Christian Kamenik Marian Fujak Roberto Urrutia |
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| Institution: | 1.Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research,University of Bern,Bern,Switzerland;2.Institute of Geography,University of Bern,Bern,Switzerland;3.Climate System Research Center,University of Massachusetts,Amherst,USA;4.Geological Institute,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,Zürich,Switzerland;5.Surface Waters Research, EAWAG,Dübendorf,Switzerland;6.Centro de Ciencias Ambientales EULA-Chile,Universidad de Concepción,Concepción,Chile |
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| Abstract: | Lake sediment records are underrepresented in comprehensive, quantitative, high-resolution (sub-decadal), multi-proxy climate
reconstructions for the past millennium. This is largely a consequence of the difficulty of calibrating biogeochemical lake
sediment proxies to meteorological time series (calibration-in-time). Thanks to recent methodological advances, it is now
possible. This paper outlines a step-by-step, specifically tailored methodology, with practical suggestions for calibrating
and validating biogeochemical proxies from lake sediments to meteorological data. This approach includes: (1) regional climate
data; (2) site selection; (3) coring and core selection; (4) core chronology; (5) data acquisition; and (6) data analysis
and statistical methods. We present three case studies that used non-varved lake sediments from remote areas in the Central
Chilean Andes, where little a priori information was available on the local climate and lakes, or their responses to climate
variability. These case studies illustrate the potential value and application of a calibration-in-time approach to non-varved
lake sediments for developing quantitative, high-resolution climate reconstructions. |
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