| 长江上游重点产沙区产沙量对人类活动的响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 许炯心,孙季.长江上游重点产沙区产沙量对人类活动的响应[J].地理科学,2007,27(2):211-218. |
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| 作者姓名： | 许炯心 孙季 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所、中国科学院水循环与地表过程重点实验室,北京,100101
2. 西南科学技术大学,四川,绵阳,621000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划) |
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| 摘 要： | 对金沙江屏山站、嘉陵江北碚站、宜昌站20世纪50年代以来的输沙量和含沙量进行分析.结果表明,在年径流量相同的情况下,由于大规模矿山、钢铁工业、交通建设增加水土流失,屏山站1976～1996年年产沙量要高于1954～1976年.与此相反,由于修筑水库、塘坝拦沙,修建梯田、恢复植被减少侵蚀,北碚站1983～1996年年产沙量要大大低于1954～1982年;宜昌站1985～1996年年产沙量也低于1954～1984年.北碚、宜昌两站都存在一个使水利、水土保持减沙量为0的年径流量临界值,北碚站和宜昌站这一临界值分别为1 142×108 m3和4 800×108 m3.
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| 关 键 词： | 河流泥沙 人类活动 水沙变化 长江 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-0690（2007）02-0211-08 |
| 收稿时间： | 08 23 2005 12:00AM |
| 修稿时间： | 2005-08-232005-12-28 |
Sediment Yield in Major Sediment Source Areas of the Upper Changjiang River Basin in Response to Human Activities |
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| XU Jiong-Xin,SUN Ji.Sediment Yield in Major Sediment Source Areas of the Upper Changjiang River Basin in Response to Human Activities[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2007,27(2):211-218. |
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| Authors: | XU Jiong-Xin SUN Ji |
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| Abstract: | The drainage areas between Shigu and Pingshan(except the Yalongjiang River basin) of the Jinshajiang River and the Jianglingjiang River basin are major sediment source areas of the upper Changjiang River.From 1954 to 1975, suspended sediment load and concentration at Pingshan station on the Jingshajiang River showed no trending variation,but afterwards they tended to increase.From 1954 to the early 1980s,suspended sediment load and concentration at Beibei station on the Jialingjiang River showed no trending variation,but after 1983 they tended to decrease.From 1954 to the mid-1980s,suspended sediment load and concentration at Yichang station on the Changjiang River showed no trending variation,but after 1985 they tended to decrease.A analysis of relationship between sediment load and river flow indicates that,on condition that annual river flows are equal,the annual suspended load at Pingshan station during the period 1976-1996 was larger than that during the period 1954-1975,due to large-scale mining and construction of iron-steel industry and communication lines,which increased soil loss.On contrast,due to reservoir construction,land terracing,tree planting and natural restoration of vegetation,sediment yield was reduced,and then the annual suspended sediment load at Beibei station on the Jialingjiang River during the period 1983-1996 became much smaller than that during the period 1954-1982.The annual suspended sediment load at Yichang station on the Changjiang River during the period 1985-1996 was also smaller than that during the period 1954-1996.It has been found that there is a threshold in annual river flow,at which the sediment reduction by soil-water conservation measures equals 0.For Beibei station and Yichang station,this threshold is 114 billion m3 and 480 billion m3,respectively.Due to differences in natural conditions and human activities in the two major sediment source areas,the lower Jinshajiang River basin and the Jialingjiang River basin,the response of sediment yield in the two areas are different,just in reverse directions.From viewpoint of drainage basin system,this reflects some complicated spatial behavior,resulting from different responses in different parts of a huge fluvial system.Study of these complicated spatial behaviors may help to get a better understanding of the mechanism of response of sediment yield to changing environmental factors,which is useful to more effective control of soil loss and sediment-related hazards. |
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| Keywords: | river sediment human activity water and sediment changes Changjiang River |
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