| 横贯亚洲巨型构造带的基本特征和成矿作用 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈炳蔚,陈廷愚.横贯亚洲巨型构造带的基本特征和成矿作用[J].岩石学报,2007,23(5):865-876. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈炳蔚 陈廷愚 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京,100037 |
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| 基金项目： | 中、俄、哈、蒙、韩亚洲中部及邻区地质图系编图项目;国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划) |
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| 摘 要： | 本文将位于西伯利亚地台与中朝、塔里木地台之间的广大地区称为横贯亚洲巨型构造带(The Trans-Asian Tectonic Mega-Belt:TATMB)。按其发育历史和构造位置,横贯亚洲巨型构造带可大体分为:(1)阿尔泰-萨彦-蒙古-鄂霍茨克构造带、(2)巴尔喀什-兴安构造带和(3)乌拉尔-南天山构造带等三个大的构造带。阿尔泰-萨彦-蒙古-鄂霍茨克构造带以中央蒙古构造线为南界,以叶尼塞-穆亚断裂、贝加尔断裂及斯塔诺夫南缘断裂为北界,与西伯利亚地台毗邻。巴尔喀什-兴安构造带位于中央蒙古构造线以南;其南界的西段为尼古拉耶夫线及南天山北缘断裂,东段以中-朝地台北缘逆冲断层与中-朝地台直接相连。这一构造带又可分为南、北两大亚带,即巴尔喀什-准噶尔-北、中天山-内蒙-锡林浩特亚带和斋桑-额尔齐斯-南蒙古-大兴安岭亚带。乌拉尔-南天山构造带从中国新疆境内西延经中亚地区直达乌拉尔。夹持该巨型构造带的南、北两大陆块,都发育有太古宙和古元古代的结晶基底和中元古代开始的沉积盖层,并在中元古代早期陆块的边缘都出现过裂解事件。然而位于这两大陆块之间的横贯亚洲巨型构造带地区却未见有中—新元古代的沉积盖层直接不整合覆盖在古老的结晶地块之上,也未见有地壳裂解的直接证据。在一些地区寒武纪地层与新元古代晚期地层是连续的。古生代时,该区以发育各类成分的海底喷发火山岩系为特征,其中包括被动陆缘火山岩、岛弧火山岩和洋壳上的喷发物等。整个构造带大致表现为西伯利亚地台和中朝、塔里木地台南、北两大陆块的相向运动和相向增生过程。其发育时间大致始于新元古代,主要为古生代,止于中生代。从晚三叠世开始,该带进入西太平洋边缘活动阶段。从区域成矿作用的角度来看,该区可分出相应的构造-成矿单元:(1)阿尔泰-萨彦-蒙古-鄂霍茨克构造-成矿带,包括1)阿尔泰-萨彦带和2)蒙古-鄂霍茨克带;(2)巴尔喀什-兴安构造-成矿带,包括1)斋桑-额尔齐斯-南蒙古-大兴安岭带和2)巴尔喀什-准噶尔-北、中天山-内蒙-锡林浩特带;(3)南天山构造-成矿带。主要矿种有金、铀、银、铜、钼、铅锌、钨、锡、稀有金属、铁、镍、云母、宝石、萤石、石墨、菱镁矿和沸石等。区内的成矿作用主要与古生代的岩浆作用和热液活动有关;但在蒙古-鄂霍茨克带主要发生在中生代。
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| 关 键 词： | 横贯亚洲巨型构造带 基本特征 成矿作用 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-0569/2007/023（05）-0865-76 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007-03-25 |
Trans-Asian Tectonic Mega-Belt:Its principal characteristics and metallogeny |
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| CHEN BingWei and CHEN TingYu.Trans-Asian Tectonic Mega-Belt:Its principal characteristics and metallogeny[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2007,23(5):865-876. |
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| Authors: | CHEN BingWei and CHEN TingYu |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China |
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| Abstract: | The vast area between the Siberia Platform in the north and the Sino-Korean and Tarim platforms in the south is called The Trans-Asian Tectonic Mega-Beh(TATMB)in this paper.In consideration of geological history and tectonic settings,the mega-belt can be divided into(1)Ahay-Sayan-Mongolia-Okhotsk belt,(2)Balkhash-Hinggan belt,and(3)Ural-South Tianshan belt. The Ahay-Sayan-Mongolia-Okhotsk belt takes the Mid-Mongolian Tectonic Lines(MMTL)as its southern boundary,the Ienissei-Muya fracture,Baikal fracture and south Stanov fracture as its northern boundary,adjacent to the Siberian Platform.The Balkhash-Hinggan belt is situated in the south of MMTL;the so-called Nikolayev Line and the northern marginal fracture of the South Tianshan Mountains constitute the western section of its southern boundary,while the eastern section of the southern boundary follows the thrust on the northern margin of the Sino-Korean Platform.The Balkhash-Hinggan belt could be subdivided into the Balkhash-Junngar-North-Middle Tianshan-Inner Mongolia-Xilinhot zone in the south and Zaisan-Ertix-South Mongolia-Great Hingganling Zone in the north.The Ural- South Tianshan belt extends from Xinjiang of China through Central Asia up to the Urals.Archean and Paleoproterozoic crystalline basements were developed in the Siberia Platform as well as in the Sino-Korean and Tarim platforms. Sedimentary covers began to develop in Mesoproterozoic,and break-up on the margin of the block took place in early Mesoproterozoic.In contrast,no sedimentary cover of Meso-Neoproterozoic was observed to lie unconformably over the old crystalline basements,nor direct evidence of the break-up of the crust was found.In some places,Cambrian strata were continuous to late Neoproterozoic strata.Paleozoic saw the development of marine eruptive rocks of various kinds,which included volcanic rocks on passive continental margin,volcanic rocks developed on island arc and ernptives on oceanic crust,etc.The Trans-Asian Tectonic Mega-Belt showed a movement and assemblage face to face of the Siberian Platform in the north and the Sino-Koran and Tarim platforms in the south.The development began approximately in Neoproterozoic,was proceeding mainly in Paleozoic and ended in Mesozoic. From Triassic on,this mega-beh entered into an active period of the western Pacific margin.In view of metallogeny,this mega-belt may be subdivided into corresponding tectono-metallogenic belts as follows:(1)Altay-Sayan-Mongolia-Okhotsk belt. including a)Altay-Sayan zone,and b)Mongolia-Okhotsk zone; (2)Balkhash-Hinggan belt,including a)Zaisan-Ertix-South Mongolia-Great Hingganling zone and b)Balkhash-Junggar-North-Middle Tianshan-Inner Mongolia-Xilinhot zone;(3)South Tianshau zone.The main minerals include Au,U,Ag,Cu,Mo,Pb and Zn,W, Sn,Rare metals,Fe,Ni,mica,gems,fluorite,graphite,magnesite,zeolite,etc.The mineralization in the mega-belt was mainly related to magmatism and hydrothermal activities of Paleozoic,while the most important mineralization in the Mongolia-Okhotsk zone took place in Mesozoic. |
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| Keywords: | Trans-Asian tectonic mega-belt Principal characteristics Metallogeny |
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