Spatial estimation of long-term seasonal and annual groundwater resources: application of WetSpass model in the Werii watershed of the Tekeze River Basin,Ethiopia |
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| Authors: | Gebremedhin Gebremeskel Asfaw Kebede |
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| Institution: | 1. Irrigation and Water Resources Research, Mekelle Agricultural Research Center, Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Mekelle, Ethiopiamedkel17@gmail.com;3. Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering Department, Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia |
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| Abstract: | Treelines are widely studied worldwide in relation to climate changes because they are hypothesized to be sensitive climate proxies. However, forest treeline expansion toward higher altitudes may be influenced both by a warming climate and by other factors, such as surface morphology and, in the European Alps, the decline in alpine farming. Our results from five valleys in the inner and peripheral regions of the Alps show that present-day treeline altitudes mostly depend on anthropogenic and orographicgeomorphologic factors. Climatic treelines are limited to steep and inaccessible slopes, and occur at higher altitudes and farther from mountain peaks in the inner regions than in the peripheral regions of the mountain range. Looking for sites in which to study treeline responses to climate change, we recommend investigating the inner regions of the Alps where treelines are farther from human disturbances and from geomorphologic constraints, potentially resulting in freer upward shifts under warmer temperature conditions. We also found that, in the valleys selected, human disturbance is mainly concentrated about 165 m below non-climatic treelines, suggesting a homogeneous influence on treelines, regardless of geographic position. |
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| Keywords: | Modeling safe yield water balance Werii watershed WetSpass Ethiopia |
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