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| 贵州省乌江流域土壤侵蚀模拟——基于GIS、RUSLE和ANN技术的研究 | |
| 引用本文： | 王,尧 蔡运龙,潘,懋.贵州省乌江流域土壤侵蚀模拟——基于GIS、RUSLE和ANN技术的研究[J].中国地质,2014,41(5):1735-1747. |
| 作者姓名： | 王 尧 蔡运龙 潘 懋 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京,100037 2. 北京大学城市与环境学院土地科学中心,北京,100871 3. 北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京,100871 |
| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划子课题，国家地质矿产调查评价专项项目(1212011121129)联合资助。 |
| 摘 要： | 本研究在GIS技术支撑下选择RUSLE模型作为基础模型,估算乌江流域20世纪80年代和90年代年均土壤侵蚀量,结合ANN技术,预测2001—2010年乌江流域的土壤侵蚀量,分析了该流域近30年来土壤侵蚀动态变化规律,以期为研究区土壤侵蚀防治工作提供理论依据。研究结果表明:应用RUSLE模型计算乌江流域年均土壤侵蚀模数,计算结果和以往土壤侵蚀调查估计的结果比较吻合,但由于RUSLE模型不计算重力侵蚀,因此计算结果仍与实测输沙模数有所出入。90年代潜在土壤侵蚀模数比80年代高,流域潜在土壤侵蚀呈增加趋势,其中三岔河流域和马蹄河/印江河流域年均潜在土壤侵蚀模数最高。3种主要土地覆被类型中,林地的土壤保持量最大,耕地次之,草地最少,这与非喀斯特地区在水土保持效果上通常林地草地旱地的结论有所不同。通过构建BP神经网络,预测得到乌江流域2001—2010年土壤侵蚀模数,结果显示,21世纪前10年,流域土壤侵蚀模数大幅降低,流域年均土壤侵蚀模数由90年代的23.13 t/(hm2·a)降低为1.01 t/(hm2·a)。三岔河流域的水土流失得到了控制,黔西、金沙、息烽、修文、贵阳、平坝、思南、石阡、沿河和松桃等县市应是"十二五"期间的水土流失重点治理对象。 |
| 关 键 词： | RUSLE ANN 土壤侵蚀 乌江流域 |
Soil erosion simulation of the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou Province Based on GIS, RUSLE and ANN |
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| WANG Yao,CAI Yun-long,PAN Mao.Soil erosion simulation of the Wujiang River Basin in Guizhou Province Based on GIS, RUSLE and ANN[J].Chinese Geology,2014,41(5):1735-1747. | |
| Authors: | WANG Yao CAI Yun-long PAN Mao |
| Institution: | 1. Development Research Center of China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China; 2. Center for Land Study, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; 3. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
| Abstract: | Abstract: The average annual soil erosion modulus in the 1980s and 1990s were calculated on a Geographical Information System (GIS) platform. The results coincide with previous soil erosion investigation conducted by Department of Water Resources of Guizhou Province. However, difference still exists because Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model does not include gravitational erosion. Potential soil erosion modulus in the 1990s was higher than that in the 1980s, which suggests an increase in potential soil erosion in the Wujiang River Basin. The Sancha River basin and the Mati River/Yinjiang River basin have the highest value of potential soil erosion modulus. Among the three main land cover types, forest land has the most soil retention, followed by farmland, with grassland having the least soil retention. This is different from things of the non-karst area where soil retention on grassland is better than that in farmland. The Back Propagation (BP) Neural Network model was used to calculate soil erosion modulus in the 2000s based on the data obtained in the 1980s and 1990s. The results suggest that the rate of soil erosion decreased from 23.13 t/(hm2·a) in the 1990s to 1.01 t/(hm2·a) in the 2000s, and the amount of soil erosion decreased from 115.18×106 t/a to 5.03×106 t/a. Soil erosion in the Sancha River basin is under control. However, counties or cities of Qianxi, Jinsha, Xifeng, Xiuwen, Guiyang, Pingban, Sinan, Shiqian, Yanhe and Songtao need strict soil management during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. |
| Keywords: | RUSLE ANN soil erosion Wujiang River basin |
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