Communicating human health risks associated with disinfection by-products in drinking water supplies: a fuzzy-based approach |
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| Authors: | Rehan Sadiq Manuel J Rodriguez Syed A Imran Homayoun Najjaran |
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| Institution: | (1) Urban Infrastructure Program, Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada;(2) école Supérieure d’Aménagement du Territoire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada;(3) Centre of Sustainable Infrastructure Research, Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council, Regina, SK, Canada;(4) School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Chlorine used for the disinfection of water supplies can react with naturally occurring organic compounds and form potentially
harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs). A risk index for two regulated groups of chlorinated DBPs—trihalomethanes (THMs)
and haloacetic acids (HAAs), using fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm and fuzzy rule-based modeling is proposed for risk communication. The proposed index evaluates
the cancer and non-cancer risks individually for THMs and HAAs using the FCM algorithm. Subsequently, two different fuzzy
rule-bases were used to evaluate the overall risk-index based on cancer and non-cancer risks. The overall risk-index will
provide drinking water utilities with an effective communication tool for communicating aggregated water quality compliance.
Simulated DBP occurrence data obtained from the City of Quebec, Canada, is used to demonstrate the application of this methodology. |
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| Keywords: | Water quality DBPs Fuzzy C-means Fuzzy rule-base Quality ordered weights Cancer and non-cancer risk |
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