| 云南大理地区1989—2019年期间气候变化及对洱海水质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 安国英,郭兆成,叶佩.云南大理地区1989—2019年期间气候变化及对洱海水质的影响[J].现代地质,2022,36(2):406-417. |
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| 作者姓名： | 安国英 郭兆成 叶佩 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心,北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局项目“滇西北地区生态地质调查”(2020120000018612)； |
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| 摘 要： | 依据1989年至2019年云南大理地区所辖12个气象站点的气候数据和洱海水质监测资料等文献,分析大理地区气候变化特征和洱海富营养化变化趋势,并总结洱海水质综合营养状态指数与降水量、气温的相互关系。结果表明,1989年至2019年期间,大理地区的年平均气温呈波动上升趋势,气候变暖明显,冬季气温升温幅度最大;年降水量总体呈波动下降趋势,秋季降水量减少最为显著。洱海水质的综合营养状态指数及单因子总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数等总体呈升高趋势,而水体透明度呈降低趋势;进一步可分成2个阶段,即2003年之前呈快速上升或下降变化趋势;2003年之后呈波动稳定趋势。洱海综合营养状态指数与年平均气温呈正相关,与年降水量呈负相关关系;总氮、水体透明度分别与年平均气温正相关和负相关,与年降水量则呈负相关和正相关;而总磷与冬季平均气温、高锰酸盐指数与夏季或冬季平均气温均呈正相关关系。年内变化上,洱海污染指数、综合营养状态指数在最近的2015—2019年期间呈现6—10月份明显增高,显示非汛期水质明显好于汛期状况。总之,1989—2019年期间,受大理地区气温升高、降水量减少导致入湖水量减少的影响,洱海综合营养状态指数呈升高趋势,湖泊富营养化进程加剧状况没有得到改善,洱海水环境仍然比较脆弱。
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| 关 键 词： | 气候变化 水环境 湖泊富营养化 洱海 大理地区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-15 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021-06-08 |
Climatic Changes and Impacts on Water Quality of Erhai Lake in Dali Area,Yunnan Province over the Period from 1989 to 2019 |
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| AN Guoying,GUO Zhaocheng,YE Pei.Climatic Changes and Impacts on Water Quality of Erhai Lake in Dali Area,Yunnan Province over the Period from 1989 to 2019[J].Geoscience——Journal of Graduate School,China University of Geosciences,2022,36(2):406-417. |
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| Authors: | AN Guoying GUO Zhaocheng YE Pei |
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| Institution: | China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | In this study, we characterized the climatic changes and their impacts on lake eutrophication in Erhai Lake and assessed the relationships between air temperature, precipitation amount, and trophic status index of the lake using the climate data collected from 12 monitoring stations in Dali of Yunnan Province, and water quality monitoring data of Erhai Lake from 1989 to 2019. During this time, the annual mean air temperatures showed a fluctuating upward pattern which clearly indicated a warming trend with the largest temperature increases in the wintertime; meanwhile, the annual precipitation amount showed a fluctuating downward tendency with the most substantial declines in autumns. Comprehensive trophic status index, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and permanganate index levels increased, while levels of water transparency declined. The changes in overall water quality were characterized by two distinct stages: before 2003, the comprehensive trophic status index, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and permanganate index levels increased rapidly, while water transparency measured by Secchi Depth declined; after 2003, these same indices were relatively stable with minor fluctuations. We found that the comprehensive trophic status index of Erhai Lake was positively correlated with the annual mean air temperatures, but negatively correlated with the annual precipitation amount. Total nitrogen and water transparency levels showed a distinct correlation with both the annual mean air temperatures and precipitation. Total phosphorus was correlated clearly with the average winter air temperature, and the permanganate index levels correlated with the mean summer/winter air temperatures, respectively. In terms of monthly changes, both the water pollution index and comprehensive trophic status index increased substantially between June and October from 2015 to 2019, indicating water quality during the dry season was significantly better than during flood season. In summary, the comprehensive trophic status index of Erhai Lake increased continuously due to rising air temperatures, and reduced precipitation and lake inflow from 1989 to 2019, and the intensification of lake eutrophication has not improved and the water environmental condition of Erhai Lake remains relatively fragile. |
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| Keywords: | climate change water environment lake eutrophication Erhai Lake Dali area |
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