Seasonal and interannual variation of the phytoplankton and copepod dynamics in Liverpool Bay |
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| Authors: | Naomi Greenwood Rodney M Forster Veronique Créach Suzanne J Painting Anna Dennis Stewart J Cutchey Tiago Silva David B Sivyer Tim Jickells |
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| Institution: | (1) Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK;(2) National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK;(3) Laboratory of Global Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK;(4) Present address: Gardline Geosurvey Limited, Endeavour House, Admiralty Road, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, NR30 3NG, UK |
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| Abstract: | The seasonal and interannual variability in the phytoplankton community in Liverpool Bay between 2003 and 2009 has been examined
using results from high frequency, in situ measurements combined with discrete samples collected at one location in the bay.
The spring phytoplankton bloom (up to 29.4 mg chlorophyll m−3) is an annual feature at the study site and its timing may vary by up to 50 days between years. The variability in the underwater
light climate and turbulent mixing are identified as key factors controlling the timing of phytoplankton blooms. Modelled
average annual gross and net production are estimated to be 223 and 56 g C m−2 year−1, respectively. Light microscope counts showed that the phytoplankton community is dominated by diatoms, with dinoflagellates
appearing annually for short periods of time between July and October. The zooplankton community at the study site is dominated
by copepods and use of a fine mesh (80 μm) resulted in higher abundances of copepods determined (up to 2.5 × 106 ind. m−2) than has previously reported for this location. There is a strong seasonal cycle in copepod biomass and copepods greater
than 270 μm contribute less than 10% of the total biomass. Seasonal trends in copepod biomass lag those in the phytoplankton
community with a delay of 3 to 4 months between the maximum phytoplankton biomass and the maximum copepod biomass. Grazing
by copepods exceeds net primary production at the site and indicates that an additional advective supply of carbon is required
to support the copepod community. |
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