The use of benthic indicators in Europe: from the Water Framework Directive to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive |
| |
| Authors: | Van Hoey Gert Borja Angel Birchenough Silvana Buhl-Mortensen Lene Degraer Steven Fleischer Dirk Kerckhof Francis Magni Paolo Muxika Iñigo Reiss Henning Schröder Alexander Zettler Michael L |
| |
| Institution: | aILVO-Fishery, Biological Environmental Research Division, Ankerstraat 1, 8410 Ostend, Belgium;bAZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain;cCefas, The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR 33 0HT, United Kingdom;dRoyal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical Models, Marine Ecosystem Management Section, Gulledelle 100, 1200 Brussel, Belgium;eLeibniz Institute for Marine Sciences IFM-GEOMAR, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany;fCNR-IAMC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per l’Ambiente Marino Costiero, Loc. Sa Mardini, Torregrande, 09072 Oristano, Italy;gCNR-ISMAR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine, Riva Sette Martiri 1364/a, 30122 Venezia, Italy;hInstitute of Marine Research, PB 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway;iSenckenberg Institute, Department of Marine Science, Suedstrand 40, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany;jAlfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;kLeibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Seestr. 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany |
| |
| Abstract: | The Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) are the European umbrella regulations for water systems. It is a challenge for the scientific community to translate the principles of these directives into realistic and accurate approaches. The aim of this paper, conducted by the Benthos Ecology Working Group of ICES, is to describe how the principles have been translated, which were the challenges and best way forward. We have tackled the following principles: the ecosystem-based approach, the development of benthic indicators, the definition of ‘pristine’ or sustainable conditions, the detection of pressures and the development of monitoring programs. We concluded that testing and integrating the different approaches was facilitated during the WFD process, which led to further insights and improvements, which the MSFD can rely upon. Expert involvement in the entire implementation process proved to be of vital importance. |
| |
| Keywords: | Water Framework Directive Marine Strategy Framework Directive Macro-invertebrates Indicators Ecosystem approach Monitoring |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect PubMed 等数据库收录！ |
|
