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The somma-vesuvius magma chamber: a petrological and volcanological approach |
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| Authors: | F Barberi H Bizouard R Clocchiatti N Metrich R Santacroce A Sbrana |
| Institution: | 1. Istituto di Mineralogia e Petrografia, University of Pisa, Italy 2. Laboratoire de Petrographie et Volcanologie, E.R. 45 CNRS, Université Paris XI, Orsay, France 3. Istituto di Mineralogia e Petrografia, University of Pisa, Italy 4. AGIP S.p.A., Scrvizio Esplorazione Geotermica, S. Donato Milanese, Italy |
| Abstract: | The volcanic history of Somma-Vesuvius indicates that salic products compatible with an origin by fractionation within a shallow magma chamber have been repeatedly erupted («Plinian» pumice deposits). The last two of these eruptions, (79 A.D. and 3500 B.P.) were carefully studied. Interaction with calcareous country rocks had limited importance, and all data indicate that differentiated magmas were produced by crystal-liquid fractionation within the undersaturated part of petrogeny’s residua system at about 1 kb water pressure. The solid-liquid trend indicates that the derivative magmas originated by fractionation of slightly but significantly different parental liquids. Some lavas of appropriate composition were selected as parental liquids to compute the entity of the fractionation. Results suggest that in both bases a fractionation of about 70 weight % was needed to produce liquids with the composition of the pumice. The combination of all data indicates that the two Plinian eruptions were fed by a magma chamber (3–4 km deep) having a volume of approx. 2.0–2.5 km3. The temperature of the magma that initially entered the chamber was about 1100°C, whereas the temperature of the residual liquids erupted was Plinian pumice was 800° and 850°C respectively. There is no evidence that such a magma chamber existed at Vesuvius after the 79 A.D. eruption. These results have relevant practical implications for volcanic hazard and monitoring and for geothermal energy. |
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