Neotectonic evolution of the northwestward arched segment of the Central Anatolian Fault Zone,Central Anatolia,Turkey |
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| Institution: | 1. Bulent Ecevit University, Department of Geomatics Engineering, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey;2. Yuzuncu Y?l University, Department of Geophysical Engineering, 65080, Van, Turkey;3. University of Oulu, Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, POB 3000, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland;1. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Italy;2. Ministero per lo Sviluppo Economico (MISE), Direzione Generale per la Sicurezza anche Ambientale delle Attività Minerarie ed Energetiche – Ufficio Nazionale Minerario per gli Idrocarburi e le Georisorse (DGS-UNMIG), Italy;1. Dokuz Eylul University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geophysical Engineering, T?naztepe Campus, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey;2. Turkish National Mapping Agency (Retired), Ankara, Turkey;3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, USA;1. Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas;2. Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California;3. Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas |
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| Abstract: | Central Anatolia has undergone complex Neotectonic deformation since Late Miocene–Pliocene times. Many faults and intracontinental basins in this region were either formed, or have been reactivated, during this period. The eastern part of central Anatolia is dominated by a NE–SW-trending, left lateral transcurrent structure named the Central Anatolian fault zone located between Sivas in the northeast and west of Mersin in the southwest. Around the central part, it is characterized by transtensional depressions formed by left stepping and southward bending of the fault zone.Pre-Upper Miocene basement rocks of the region consist of the central Anatolian crystalline complex and a sedimentary cover of Tertiary age. These rock units were strongly deformed by N–S convergence. The entire area emerged to become the site of erosion and formed a vast plateau before the Late Miocene. A NE–SW-trending extensional basin developed on this plateau in Late Miocene–Early Pliocene times. Rock units of this basin are characterized by a thick succession of pyroclastic rocks intercalated with calcalkaline–alkaline volcanics. The volcanic sequence is unconformably overlain by Pliocene lacustrine–fluviatile deposits intercalated with ignimbrites and tuffs. Thick, coarse grained alluvial/colluvial fan deposits of marginal facies and fine grained clastics and carbonates of central facies display characteristic synsedimentary structures with volcanic intercalations. These are the main lines of evidence for development of a new transtensional H?rka–K?z?l?rmak basin in Pliocene times. Reactivation of the main segment of the Central Anatolian fault zone has triggered development of depressions around the left stepping and southward bending of the central part of this sinistral fault zone in the ignimbritic plateau during Late Pliocene–Quaternary time. These transtensional basins are named the Tuzla Gölü and Sultansazl??? pull-apart basins. The Sultansazl??? basin has a lazy S to rhomboidal shape and displays characteristic morphologic features including a steep and stepped western margin, large alluvial and colluvial fans, and a huge composite volcano (the Erciyes Da??).The geometry of faulting and formation of pull-apart basins can be explained within the framework of tectonic escape of the wedge-like Anatolian block, bounded by sinistral East Anatolian fault zone and dextral North Anatolian transform fault zone. This escape may have been accomplished as lateral continental extrusion of the Anatolian Plate caused by final collision of the Arabian Plate with the Eurasian Plate. |
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