A critical examination of the seafaring English education and training in China |
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| Institution: | 1. National Centre for Ports and Shipping, Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia;2. Faculty of Education, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, Australia;1. Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, United States;2. Alaska Pacific University, Fisheries, Aquatic Science and Technology Laboratory, 4101 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States;1. China University of Petroleum Beijing, China;2. The Pennsylvania State University, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting & College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA;1. University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E. Guelph, Ontario, Canada;2. University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;1. Ionizing Radiation Metrology Department, National Institute for Standards, El-Haram, Giza, Egypt;2. Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particles Physics Section, Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Makedonia, Greece |
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| Abstract: | The increased maritime accidents attributable to communication barriers have raised great concern about international shipping safety. The requirement for effective communication has been contained in the compulsory part of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers in 2010. However, many Chinese seafarers still experience difficulty in communicating with foreign seafarers at sea even though they passed the English exams required for a Certificate of Competency. Literature argues that the outcomes of maritime English education are not satisfactory. However, this claim is too general and has not been substantiated with empirical evidence. Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper reveals that English communicative incompetence of Chinese seafarers was attributable to the maritime English examinations system, teaching materials, teaching methods and teachers and students themselves. Recommendations were made to improve maritime cadets’ English communicative competence. |
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| Keywords: | Communicative competence Chinese seafarers Communication barriers Maritime English education and training |
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