Escape the lion cage: Social networks by catch zones of small-scale fisheries in the oil settlement of Lobitos (Peru) |
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| Institution: | 1. Universidad de Sevilla, Spain;2. Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Peru;1. Sapienza University of Rome, Dpt. Methods and Models for Economics, Territory and Finance, Via del Castro Laurenziano 9, I-00161 Rome, Italy;2. University of Roma Tre, Dpt. of Economics, Via S. D’Amico, 77 I-00145 Rome, Italy;1. Instituto de Datación y Arqueometría (CONICET, UNJu, UNT y Gob de Jujuy), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNJu), Y4612 Jujuy, Argentina;2. Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 32611 Gainesville, FL, USA;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, CEP: 29075-900, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Ciências da Sociedade e Desenvolvimento Regional, Departamento de Geografia de Campos, Rua José do Patrocínio, 71, Centro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, CEP: 28010-385, Brazil;3. Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Laboratório de Vertebrados Aquáticos, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, Km. 60, Bairro Litorâneo, S/N, São Mateus, ES, CEP: 29.932-540, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Artisanal fishing communities are often in conflict with the interests of the oil extraction industry, industrial fishing fleets and tourism. This paper considers Lobitos, a fishing enclave in northern Peru, where the oldest oil settlement in Latin America was established. The primary focus is community organization and development of the fisheries. Using a mixed methods approach, intensive ethnographic observation and analysis of the social networks of the skippers of small-scale fishing vessels was conducted by in-depth interviews with 30 artisanal fishermen, together with a social network survey involving 43 boat captains in Lobitos. The results showed the mistrust and negative attitudes of fishermen towards oil companies and the industrial fishing fleet. However, they expressed positive expectations regarding tourism development, as well as favorable attitudes towards the diversification of fishing activity through tourist services. The networks of acquaintances, social support and exchange of ecological information allowed us to identify three different groups of fishermen according to preferential fishing zones. The skippers of vessels that prefer to fish in intermediate zones have a prominent role, both in terms of local leadership and through the connection with boats belonging to other bays near Lobitos. This subgroup acts as an intermediary in the networks a whole and has an integrated vision of the coastal ecosystem. Network measures and preferential fishing zones can be used as indicators to assess the degree of availability and preparation for the implementation of new uses in the fisheries sector associated with tourism and heritage. |
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| Keywords: | Artisanal fisheries Social support networks Local ecological knowledge Oil industry Tourism Peru |
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