War,fish, and foreign fleets: The marine fisheries catches of Sierra Leone 1950–2015 |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;2. Sea Around Us, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202, Main Mall, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4;3. Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Youyi Building, Freetown, Sierra Leone;4. Trygg Mat Tracking, Postboks 1220 Sentrum, 5811 Bergen, Norway;5. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Biodiversity, Programme Office, A2-18 Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi 110029, India;6. Independent Fisheries Consultant, #62 Bell Mansion, Road 13, Bagong Pag-asa, Quezon City, Philippines;7. Institute of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone;8. School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia;1. Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;2. Conservation International, Arlington, VA 22202, USA;3. The Nippon Foundation Nereus Program and Changing Ocean Research Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;5. College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia;6. Collecte Localisation Satellites, 8-10 rue Hermes Parc Technologique de Canal, Ramonville Cedex 31526, France;7. Coastal Fisheries Programme, Pacific Community (SPC), B.P. D5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia;8. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia;9. Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;1. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia;3. Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;4. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;5. Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Canada;1. Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4;2. Sustainability Incubator, 4348 Waialae Avenue, Honolulu HI 96816, USA;3. 1826 Wyoming Avenue N.W., Washington, DC 20009, USA;1. University of Connecticut-Avery Point, Agricultural and Resource Economics/CT Sea Grant, Room 380, Marine Science Building, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340-6048, USA;2. Marine Management Solutions, Honolulu, HI, USA;3. United States Coast Guard Academy, New London, CT, USA |
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| Abstract: | In countries like Sierra Leone, where stock assessments based on fisheries-independent data and complex population models are financially and technically challenging, catch statistics may be used to infer fluctuations in fish stocks where more precise data are not available. However, FAO FishStat, the most widely-used time-series data on global fisheries ‘catches’ (actually ‘landings’), does not account for Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) catches and relies on statistics provided by the national agencies of each member country. As such, reported FishStat data is vulnerable to changes in monitoring capacity, governmental transitions, and budgetary constraints, and may substantially underestimate the measure of extracted marine resources. In this report, Sierra Leone's total catches by all marine fishing sectors were estimated for the period 1950–2015, using a catch reconstruction approach incorporating national data, expert knowledge, and both peer-reviewed and grey literature. Results demonstrate that a substantial amount of marine resource exploitation is not represented in official statistics, and reconstructed catches represent more than 2.25 times the recorded FAO Fishstat values. Notably, foreign fleets take the vast majority of industrial catch in Sierra Leone's EEZ, indicating that most of the resource catch and revenue is diverted to foreign companies and export markets. While foreign actors dominate the industrial sector, the small-scale sector represents the majority of domestic catch. Illegal fishing is also a substantial challenge in Sierra Leone, and extracts a large amount of the country's marine fish resources. Reconstructing catches in Sierra Leone also highlights the impacts of various historical events such as Sierra Leone's civil war and post-war reconstruction on the development of the fisheries sector. The results found in the reconstruction present a large discrepancy from FishStat data, with considerable implications for assessment of stocks and management of Sierra Leone's marine resources. |
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| Keywords: | Artisanal fisheries Catch reconstruction Illegal unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing Industrial fisheries Small-scale fisheries Sierra Leone |
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