Emplacement of xenolith nodules in the Kaupulehu lava flow,Hualalai Volcano,Hawaii |
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| Authors: | J E Guest P D Spudis R Greeley G J Taylor S M Baloga |
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| Institution: | (1) ULO Annexe and Planetary Image Centre, University of London Observatory, 33-35 Daws Lane, NW7 4SD London, UK;(2) Lunar and Planetary Institute, 77058-1113 Houston, TX, USA;(3) Arizona State University, 85287-1404, AZ, USA;(4) University of Hawaii, 96822 Honolulu, HI, USA;(5) Proxemy Research Inc., 20882 Laytonsville, MD, USA |
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| Abstract: | The basaltic Kaupulehu 1800–1801 lava flow of Hualalai Volcano, Hawaii contains abundant ultramafix xenoliths. Many of these xenoliths occur as bedded layers of semi-rounded nodules, each thinly coated with a veneer (typically 1 mm thick) of lava. The nodule beds are analogous to cobble deposits of fluvial sedimentary systems. Although several mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of the nodule beds, it was found that, at more than one locality, the nodule beds are overbank levee deposits. The geological occurrence of the nodules, certain diagnostic aspects of the flow morphology and consideration of the inferred emplacement process indicate that the Kaupulehu flow had an exceptionally low viscosity on eruption and that the flow of the lava stream was extremely rapid, with flow velocities of at least 10 m s-1 (more than 40 km h-1). This flow is the youngest on Hualalai Volcano and future eruptions of a similar type would pose considerable hazard to life as well as property. |
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| Keywords: | lava flows xenoliths nodule beds levee deposits Hualalai Volcano Hawaii |
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