Types and distribution of silver ore deposits in China |
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| Authors: | C Y Wu G Bai L M Xu |
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| Institution: | (1) Institute of Mineral Deposits, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Baiwanzhuang Road 26, 100037 Beijing, Peoples' Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | Silver is generally recovered as a by- and co-product along with Au, Pb, Zn, Cu, Sb, Bi, Hg, Sn and W from polymetallic and
gold mines in China. Chinese silver deposits can be classified into five principal types according to host rocks. These types
and their host rocks are: (1) marine volcanic-sedimentary rocks hosting (la) massive sulfide Pb-Zn-(Cu)-Ag ores and (1b) stratiform
Ag-(Au) ores; (2) continental volcanic-sedimentary rocks containing (2a) various polymetallic-silver veins and/or stockworks,
and (2b) Ag-(Au) veins in pyroclastic rocks; (3) rocks affected by metasomatic processes including (3a) complex Sn-polymetallic-Ag
ores, (3b) Pb-Zn-(Cu)-Ag skarns, (3c) associated W-Ag quartz veins and/or skarns, and (3d) Ag-(Au) zones and veins in altered
carbonate rocks; (4) metamorphic-intrusive rocks, principally Ag-(Au) veins in sheared and brecciated metamorphic rocks; and
(5) sedimentary rocks including (5a) stratiform Pb-Zn-Ag ores in carbonate rocks, (5b) Ag-V mantos in black shales, and (5c)
Cu-(Ag) layers in red sandstones. A sixth grouping includes gossans. The tectonic settings, geological features, and temporal
and spatial distribution of these different types of silver occurrences indicate that silver mineralization reflects to a
great extent the evolution of tectonic environments in China throughout geological time. Type 1 is generally developed in
association with several fold belts from the Caledonian to Yanshanian orogens, while types 2, 3 and 4 correlate with rejuvenation
of the eastern China continent during the Mesozoic period. The three subgroups of type 5 are recognized in different stages
and various sedimentry and diagenetic environments during the development of paraplatforms and fold belts. Type 6 results
from recent weathering of existing sulfide ores or protores.
Editorial handling: DR |
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