| 我国金伯利岩型金刚石矿床的若干地质特征及其找矿标志 |
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| 引用本文： | 董振信.我国金伯利岩型金刚石矿床的若干地质特征及其找矿标志[J].矿床地质,1991,10(3):255-264. |
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| 作者姓名： | 董振信 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地质博物馆 |
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| 摘 要： | 金伯利岩型金刚石矿床是世界上重要的金刚石矿床类型:也是我国迄今所发现的唯一的金刚石原生矿床类型。本文阐述了我国金伯利岩分布的构造部位、时代、产状、与暗色岩类的关系、围岩及其蚀变特征、岩管的岩相特征、岩石类型及岩石化学特征,并指出了该类矿床的找矿标志。
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| 关 键 词： | 金刚石 矿床 金伯利岩 地质特征 |
Some Geological Characteristics Of Kimberlite Type Diamond Deposits In China And Their Ore-Prospecting Indicators |
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| Abstract: | Kimberlites have been found in eight provinces of China, namely Liaoning, Shandong, Guizou, Henan, Hubei, Shanxi, Hebei and Jilin, all located in North China platform and Yangtze platform; nevertheless, only kimberlites in Shan-dong and Liaoning provinces contain diamonds of economic significance. Isotopic dating and geological data reveal that kimberlites in China mainly occur in Paleozoic. In Guizhou, Hubei and Shanxi, kimberlites with very little or no diamonds are associated with lamproite, meymechite and minette. Kimberlite pipes observed at surface of Shandong and Liaoning are root facies and bottom facies of diatreme respectively.Diamond-bearing kimberlites are richer in MgO+Cr2O3+NiO but poorer in TiO2+A12O3+2Na2O+K2O+P2O5 as compared with diamond-free ones. The average content of compatible elements in kimberlites of China is Cr 846 ppm, Ni 690 ppm, Co 45 ppm, Sc 19.96 ppm, Cu 156 ppm and Zn 106 ppm and that of incompatible elements Ba 835 ppm Sr 454 ppm, Zr 308 ppm, Nb 81 ppm, Ta 11 ppm, U 8.8 ppm, Th 70 ppm, Li 44.68 ppm and Rb 29 ppm. Lots of element pairs in kimberlites, i.e. Cr-AI, Ni-Co, Ni-Cr, Ni-V, Sc-Ti, Zn-Ti, Ba-Sr, Zr-Hf, Nb-Ta, U-Th and K-Rb, show positive correlation.In diamond-rich kimberlites, pyrope and chrome-spinel are rich in Cr but poor in Al, ilmenite contains high Mg and Cr, clinopyrixene has high Mg and Cr but low Ca and Fe, and olivine shows high Mg content. |
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