| 冰川模型及其在古冰川模拟研究中的应用 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 李英奎,杨玮琳,陈鑫,刘强,许向科.冰川模型及其在古冰川模拟研究中的应用[J].冰川冻土,2022,44(4):1231-1247. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 李英奎 杨玮琳 陈鑫 刘强 许向科 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1.Department of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;2.北京大学 城市与环境学院, 北京 100871;3.河北师范大学 地理科学学院, 河北 石家庄 050024;4.中国科学院 青藏高原研究所, 北京 100101 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41971075) |
| |
| 摘 要： | 冰川模型已广泛应用于预测未来的冰川变化。随着冰川地貌制图、测年和古气候研究的不断发展，冰川模型也逐渐用于模拟古冰川变化、估算古冰川发育时期的气候信息和探讨古冰川演化的气候驱动因素。本文综述用于古冰川模拟的两类模型：地貌-冰面剖面形态模型和物质平衡-冰川动力耦合模型，介绍不同冰川模型的原理、用于古冰川模拟的流程和利用地貌体进行模型参数校验的方法。在此基础上，以青藏高原及其周边山地为例，总结利用冰川模型恢复古冰川的范围、体积、平衡线等参数，估算不同冰川发育时期的温度和降水，以及评估测年数据及其恢复的古冰川期次和规模的案例研究。最后指出了利用冰川模型进行古冰川模拟研究存在的问题和未来发展趋势，为进一步加强和改进冰川模型在古冰川模拟研究中的应用，恢复古冰川的规模、演化过程及其气候驱动机制奠定基础。
|
| 关 键 词： | 冰川模型 地貌-冰面剖面形态模型 物质平衡-冰川动力耦合模型 冰川物质平衡线 古冰川演化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-04-28 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022-06-12 |
Glacial models and their applications on palaeo-glacial reconstruction |
| |
| Yingkui LI,Weilin YANG,Xin CHEN,Qiang LIU,Xiangke XU.Glacial models and their applications on palaeo-glacial reconstruction[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2022,44(4):1231-1247. |
| |
| Authors: | Yingkui LI Weilin YANG Xin CHEN Qiang LIU Xiangke XU |
| |
| Institution: | 1.Department of Geography，University of Tennessee，Knoxville，TN 37996，USA;2.College of Urban and Environmental Sciences，Peking University，Beijing 100871，China;3.College of Geographical Sciences，Hebei Normal University，Shijiazhuang 050024，China;4.Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100101，China |
| |
| Abstract: | Glacial models have been widely used in simulating and predicting the impact of climate change on glaciers in the future. With the development of geomorphological mapping， digital elevation models， geochronology， and palaeo-climate records， glacial models have also been used in simulate palaeoglacier evolution and reconstruct palaeo-climate conditions. In this paper， we reviewed the two types of glacial models： landform-ice surface profile models and coupled mass balance-glacial dynamic models， which have been used for palaeo-glacial reconstruction. We first introduced the principles and framework of using these models for palaeoglacier simulation， as well as the methods to calibrate model parameters and validate model outputs using geomorphic evidence. We then summarized the studies and major findings in using glacial models to reconstruct the extent， volume， and equilibrium-line altitude （ELA） of palaeoglaciers， estimate palaeo-climate conditions during different glacial stages， and evaluate the results derived from geochronological datasets on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains.The landform-ice surface profile models interpret ice thickness， area， and volume of a palaeoglacier based on the steady-state ice surface profile derived from the principles of ice physics and flow dynamics， as well as the geomorphic landforms to constrain ice boundary （e.g.， moraines） and local heights （e.g.， trimlines）. The commonly used model is the one-dimensional flowline model， which has been implemented in Excel and ArcGIS. The landform-ice surface profile models are relatively easy to use but cannot directly derive the palaeo-climate information associated with glacial stages. Indirect methods are necessary for the palaeo-climate reconstruction based on the estimated ELA of the palaeoglacier.The coupled mass balance-glacial dynamic models simulate glacial evolution based on mass balance and ice flow dynamic models using climate data or scenarios. The mass balance of a glacier can be determined by the energy and mass balance model， positive degree-day model， and the ΔT-ΔP empirical relationships at the ELA. The ice dynamic models can be one-dimensional， two-dimensional， and three-dimensional based on model complexity. These models can be used to reconstruct palaeoglaciers based on the steady-state simulation of a set of ΔT-ΔP scenarios and the continuous simulation using long-term climate records， such as the proxy records reconstructed by tree rings， ice cores， and lake sediments， and the climate records simulated by the GCM models.The coupled mass balance-glacial dynamic models require the calibration of a lot of parameters， limiting the use in areas where required data are unavailable. The simulated glaciers have been mainly validated with field-observed geomorphic evidence by visual comparison. Several methods have been developed to validate the simulations by quantifying the overlap-fit percentage or measuring the offset between model-simulated and field-reconstructed ice boundaries for large ice sheets， which also have the potential to be implemented in the reconstruction of mountain glaciers. The coupled mass balance-glacial dynamic models are driven by the climate data or scenarios； thus， these models can be used directly to estimate suitable palaeo-climate conditions associated with glacial evolution.Both landform-ice surface profile and coupled mass balance-glacial dynamic models have been applied to the palaeoglacier reconstructions on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains. The studies have been mainly from the marginal mountains on the southern， southeastern， and northeast Tibetan Plateau， whereas few studies have been conducted on the central and northern plateau. In terms of glacial stages， most reconstructions have focused on the Last Glacial Maximum， lacking the reconstructions of other glacial stages. Due to the requirement of long-term climate records， the continuous simulation of glacial evolution based on the coupled mass balance-glacial dynamic models are still in the early stage.Future studies are necessary to continuously improve model structure and efficiency， integrate model input/output with ArcGIS or other GIS packages， encourage the share of source codes and data， and establish standard test datasets for model comparison. The integration of geomorphic evidence to calibrate model parameters and the investigation of the relationships between changing climate systems， glaciated topography， and mass balance during different glacial stages are also critical to improve the applications of glacial models on palaeo-glacial reconstruction. This review provides a solid foundation to promote the applications of glacial models on palaeo-glacial reconstruction and improve the understanding of the extent， evolution， and climate-driven mechanism of palaeoglaciers. |
| |
| Keywords: | glacial models landform-ice surface profile model coupled mass balance-glacial dynamic model equilibrium-line altitude （ELA） palaeo-glacial evolution |
|
| 点击此处可从《冰川冻土》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《冰川冻土》下载免费的PDF全文 |
