Monthly record of the Cl and 36Cl fallout rates in a deciduous forest ecosystem in NE France in 2012 and 2013 |
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| Institution: | 1. Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34, 13545 Aix en Provence, France;2. Andra 1-7, Rue Jean-Monnet, 92298 Châtenay-Malabry Cédex, France;1. Laboratório de Radiocarbono, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n, Niterói, 24210-346, RJ, Brazil;2. Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, United Kingdom;3. Departamento de Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista, s/n, Niterói, 24001-970, RJ, Brazil;4. Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista, s/n, Niterói, 24001-970, RJ, Brazil;5. Departamento de Antropologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista S/N, Rio de Janeiro, 20940-40, RJ, Brazil;1. Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1112 Budapest, Budaörsi u. 45, Hungary;2. Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies, MTA Institute for Nuclear Research, Bem tér 18/C, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary;3. Department of Biology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;1. Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;2. Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69129 Heidelberg, Germany;3. Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland;4. Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;5. Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences (P.A.S.), ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland;6. Department of Palaeozoology, University of Wroc?aw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wroc?aw, Poland;1. Centre for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, India;2. Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, YO10 5DD, UK;3. Department of Marine Sciences, Goa University, Goa, India;4. Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain;5. National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Goa, India |
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| Abstract: | This study aims at determining the chlorine and chlorine-36 fallout rates in an experimental beech forest site located in NE France (48°31′55″ N, 5°16′8″ E). A monthly record of Cl and 36Cl concentrations in rainfall samples collected above the canopy was performed during two years, from March 2012 to February 2014. The results show that the Cl concentrations mainly originate from sea-spray while the 36Cl concentrations originate from the stratosphere and therefore present a seasonal dependency. Abrupt and important inputs of 36Cl from the stratosphere indeed yield sharp increases of the recorded concentrations during the spring-summer. We also show that a too short sampling period might bias the determined 36Cl fallout rate. To smooth the seasonal and sporadic bursts of 36Cl, a minimum of 6 months sampling period is required. A mean 36Cl fallout rate of (77 ± 21) atoms m?2 s?1 can be deduced from our study, which is 45% higher than the modelled value. This discrepancy suggests more studies aiming at measuring the 36Cl fallout rate worldwide are necessary. |
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| Keywords: | Chlorine-36 Precipitation Fallout rate Ecosystem Cosmogenic nuclides Chlorine France |
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