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| 中国地面沉降及其需要解决的几个问题 | |
| 引用本文： | 薛禹群,张云,叶淑君,李勤奋.中国地面沉降及其需要解决的几个问题[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(6):585-593. |
| 作者姓名： | 薛禹群 张云 叶淑君 李勤奋 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 南京大学地球科学系,南京,210093 2. 上海市地质调查研究院,上海,200072 |
| 基金项目： | 教育部博士点基金 (批准号 :0 2 840 0 2 )资助项目，国家自然科学基金 (批准号 :40 1 72 0 82 )资助项目 |
| 摘 要： | 我国地面沉降主要出现在东、中部17个省市,总面积超过5×104km2,同时在17个省市出现成因上与它有关的地裂缝,危害是多方面的。沉降发生在经济高速发展的东部地区,造成的危害和损失也更大。我国地面沉降有下列特点:过量开采地下水是主要原因;各土层变形量既与其压缩性有关,也与它本身的厚度有关;砂土变形基本特征是压缩过程中总的应力与应变关系为非线性,压缩变形以塑性变形为主并包含有蠕变;水位恢复到开采前水平,沉降仍在继续,存在滞后等。从目前研究,特别是模拟研究的现状出发,指出存在8个方面的不足,进而提出需要研究解决的6个科学问题,为提高我国的研究水平献策。 |
| 关 键 词： | 地面沉降 地裂缝 地面沉降模型 塑性变形 蠕变 |
| 收稿时间： | 2003-05-13 |
| 修稿时间： | 2003年5月13日 |
LAND SUBSIDENCE IN CHINA AND ITS PROBLEMS |
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| Institution: | Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093; Shanghai Institute of Geology Survey, Shanghai 200072 |
| Abstract: | Land subsidence mainly occurs in the eastern and central part of China, and the total area is over fifty thousand square kilometers. At the same time, ground fissures occur in seventeen provinces and cities owing to land subsidence. Land subsidence causes damages in many aspects. It caused severe damage and loss in china, because serious subsidence areas mainly lie in the eastern part of China with rapid economic development. There are six characteristics related to land subsidence in China. (1) Land subsidence is mainly caused by excessive pumping of ground water; (2) Subsidence rate can decrease by controlling pumping rate and recharge, but subsidence area still increases; (3) The method of changing pumped aquifer is adopted to mitigate land subsidence; (4) The deformation of each layer of sediment is not only related to its compressibility but also to its thickness; (5) The deformation of sand layer reveals nonlinear relationship between total stress and strain during compression, which composed of mainly plastic and partly creep deformations; (6) Subsidence continues even the water levels restore to the levels before pumping, which indicates obvious delay. Finally, for the purpose of giving some advice to improve the research on land subsidence in China, six scientific issues need to be resolved: (1) establishing the regional monitoring networks; (2) understanding causative mechanism and geological environment for the occurrence of land subsidence; (3) examing complicated deformation characteristics of different types of soil in different areas under different conditions of stress, and relevant deformation expression; (4) developing regional land subsidence model which can properly describe land subsidence and ground fissures in different areas in China; (5) forecasting the tendency of land subsidence and rational exploitation and sustainable development of ground water resources in China; (6) laying down the comprehensive measures and planning for prevention and control of land subsidence. |
| Keywords: | land subsidence ground fissure land subsidence model plastic deformation creep |
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