Navigating the evolution of marine policy in Panama: Current policies and community responses in the Pearl Islands and Bocas del Toro Archipelagos of Panama |
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| Institution: | 1. Oregon State University, School of Public Policy, 318 Fairbanks Hall, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA;2. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149-1098, USA;3. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Panama, Panama;1. Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand;2. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal;3. IPMA – Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal;4. CCMAR – Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal;1. Department of Statistics, Örebro University, SE-701 86 Örebro, Sweden;2. Department for Fisheries Management, Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management, Box 11930, SE-404 39 Göteborg, Sweden;3. Department of Economics, SLU, Box 730, SE-220 07 Lund, Sweden;1. Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA;2. Bren School of Environmental Science & Management and Department of Political Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA;1. Nature Research Centre, Akademijos st. 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania;2. Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC;3. Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC;4. Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR”, Daugavgrivas st. 8, LV-1048, Riga, Latvia;5. School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville Campus, Victoria 3010, Australia;6. Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC;7. Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC;1. Department of Oceanography, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh;2. ECOFISH-II Project, WorldFish, Bangladesh and South Asia Office, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh |
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| Abstract: | Recent changes in marine policy in Panama are closely related to sustained expansion of the Panamanian economy in the past ten years. Important drivers of economic growth such as the Panama Canal expansion, tourism, and real estate development directly involve marine and coastal areas. Therefore, maintaining the quality of these environments, as well as the sustainability of the human communities that depend on them, calls for the implementation of adequate management and planning policies. In light of a complex history of marine and coastal policy in Panama, current institutional restructuring processes, and a growing recognition of the importance of marine and coastal geographies, the authors aim to document the current status of, and community response to, marine and coastal policy in Panama, analyzed in terms of three important cross-cutting sectors: tourism, fishing, and conservation. To do so, the authors introduce two case studies: one in the Pearl Islands Archipelago and one in Bocas del Toro, each with varying degrees of participation or involvement in each sector, to illustrate the range of adaptations to change occurring in coastal communities. Based on an in-depth policy analysis and the case studies, the authors suggest that there are important administrative and structural gaps in the legislation and institutions that enforce them, as well as a lack of integration across institutions. In particular, the authors highlight the lack of clear marine and coastal property regimes as an obstacle to the implementation of integrative marine policies in Panama. |
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| Keywords: | Integrated coastal management Tourism Fishing Conservation Bocas del Toro Pearl Islands Panama Marine and coastal property regimes |
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