Factors affecting local permit ownership in Bristol Bay |
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| Institution: | 1. Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, 1365 Memorial Drive, Miami, FL 33146, USA;2. RJ Dunlap Marine Conservation Program, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA;3. Upwell, 110 Capp St. Suite 300, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA;4. Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K4P045;1. Department of Accounting and Finance, Unitec Institute of Technology, Private Bag 92025, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Unitec Institute of Technology, Private Bag 92025, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand;1. Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Center, PO Box 140, 00251 Helsinki, Finland;2. Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, 2a Lootsi, 80012 Pärnu, Estonia;3. Dr. Matej David Consult, Korte 13e, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia;4. National Institute of Oceanography, PO Box 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel;5. GoConsult, Grosse Brunnenstr. 61, D-22763 Hamburg, Germany;6. Fisheries and Oceans Canada Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, PO Box 5667, St. Johns, NL, Canada A1C 5X1;7. Marine Organism Investigations, Ballina, Killaloe, Co Clare, Ireland;8. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via S. Epifanio, 14, I-27100 Pavia, Italy;9. Marine Science and Technology Center, Klaipeda University, H. Manto 84, 92294, Klaipeda, Lithuania;10. MIT Sea Grant College Program, E38-300 Cambridge, MA 02139, United States;1. Department of Marine Affairs, University of Rhode Island, Coastal Institute Kingston, Kingston, RI 02881, United States;2. Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Coastal Institute Kingston, Kingston, RI 02881, United States;1. Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fishing and Aquaculture, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia;3. Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Fisheries, Government of Western Australia, PO Box 20, North Beach 6920, WA, Australia;4. Department of Environment and Agriculture, School of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Bentley 6485, WA, Australia;5. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia;6. Molecular Fisheries Laboratory (molecularfisherieslaboratory.com.au), School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia;7. Molecular Biological and Chemical Sciences Faculty, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia;8. Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Northern Fisheries Centre, PO Box 5396, Cairns 4870, QLD, Australia;9. South Australian Research and Development Institute, West Beach, SA, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Since the first limited entry Bristol Bay drift and set gillnet permits were issued in 1975, many local residents have sold their permits to non-resident fishermen. Declining local permit ownership destabilizes the main economic base of the region. Previous studies have documented the decline of locally owned permits and have proposed social and economic hypotheses that could explain why local permit ownership is declining in limited entry fisheries in Alaska. To stem the outward flow of permits, the Bristol Bay Economic Development Corporation operates a Permit Loan Program to assist Bristol Bay watershed residents in buying permits. Despite its generous benefits, it has not reversed the decline in local permit ownership. This paper examines why residents enter or exit the fishery. Hypotheses on permit retention were tested through interviews with Bristol Bay fishery participants. Interviewees indicate stronger cultural and familial ties than economic factors to fishing. As local permit ownership has declined, these ties are being lost, leading to declining interest in the fishery. Commercial fishing is a competitive and costly enterprise. Successful participants in the fisheries, especially the drift gillnet fishery, are financially savvy with supplemental non-fishing income that outcompete residents by catching most of the fish. The Bristol Bay Economic Development Corporation Permit Loan Program appears unable to stop the local loss of permits. There are no obvious ways to expand local permit ownership and retaining local permits remains a major challenge for the region. However, it is important for local residents to participate in the fishery because it keeps communities economically and socially healthy, gives residents access to their local resources and strengthens their voice in managing their local resources. |
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| Keywords: | Bristol Bay Alaska Limited entry Salmon Commercial fishing Monoculture |
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