Impact of historical metalworks on the concentrations of major and trace elements in sediments: a case study in Finland |
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| Institution: | 1. CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Andheri (W), Mumbai 400053, India;2. Department of Marine Living Resources, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India;1. Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Zibo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zibo 255033, China;4. College of Applied Arts and Science of Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China;5. China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | The concentrations of major and trace elements were determined (aqua regia leach and ICP-AES analyses) in stream, lake and dredged sediments downstream of the historical Antskog iron- and copperworks, S.Finland. The levels of Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn are highly elevated in all studied sediment types: roughly half of the studied lake-sediment samples contain >5 ppm Ag, >15 ppm Cd, >0.1% Cu, >0.1% Pb and >0.3% Zn. In the dredged sediment material located onshore, the concentrations of Ag, Cu and Pb are comparable to those in the polluted lake-sediment samples, while in stream sediments elevated metal concentrations are found especially in samples characterised by high concentrations of organic material. The source of the elevated metal concentrations is the historical metalworks at Antskog, mainly the copperworks of the 19th century. Compared to the limit values for contaminated soils in Finland, the concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn are on average elevated by factors >10 in the polluted horizons of lake sediments, >5 in the dredged sediment located onshore and >2 at the most heavily contaminated site in the stream. Since the surface waters in the area are used for agricultural purposes and for various leisure activities, it is necessary to make further detailed investigations into the extent of the metal pollution and to determine species, mobility and bioavailability of the metals. |
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