Xenoliths in the Honolulu Volcanic Series, Hawaii |
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| Authors: | JACKSON EVERETT D; WRIGHT THOMAS L |
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| Institution: | U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park, California, and Washington D.C., U.S.A. |
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| Abstract: | The Pleistocene to Holocene Honolulu Volcanic Series was eruptedfrom about 37 vents scattered over the older Koolau tholeiiteshield. The rocks of this series are compositionally zoned withrespect to the shield; near the Koolau caldera the predominantrocks are melilitenepheline basalts, but these give way outwardto nepheline basalts, and ultimately, at the apron of the shield,to alkalic olivine basalts. The xenoliths in these are likewisezoned: most of those in the caldera area consist of dunite,most of those at intermediate distances of lherzolite, and someof those in the apron of the shield consist of garnet pyroxeniteand peridotite. The zoning of the xenoliths, however, does notcoincide with that of the enclosing rocks. We believe that copiouseruption of Koolau tholeiite produced a lateral and verticalheterogeneity in the mantle beneath Oahu, and that the zoningin both Honolulu lavas and their xenoliths is caused by thatheterogeneity. The textures of the xenoliths indicate that thebasalts were mainly produced by fractional melting rather thanfractional crystallization. There is some evidence that thedunite xenoliths are mantle residua produced during the generationof the tholeiite, and that the Honolulu magmas were generatedat greater depths than the Koolau magmas, probably as a resultof elastic unloading. |
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