| 北极斯瓦尔巴特群岛及邻区天然气水合物分解对气候、海洋环境和生物的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 聂云峰,于晶,陈宏文,万玲,范广慧,房强,吴怀春.北极斯瓦尔巴特群岛及邻区天然气水合物分解对气候、海洋环境和生物的影响[J].现代地质,2018,32(5):1012. |
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| 作者姓名： | 聂云峰 于晶 陈宏文 万玲 范广慧 房强 吴怀春 |
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| 作者单位： | (1中国地质大学(北京) 生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室, 北京100083;
2中国地质大学(北京) 海洋学院, 北京100083; 3广州海洋地质调查局, 广东 广州510075) |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局“天然气水合物数据库”项目（DD20160227）；国家自然科学基金项目(41576062，41790451)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 天然气水合物是一种潜在的巨量能源，但其分解释放的甲烷可能对全球气候与海洋环境产生巨大影响。然而，人们目前对天然气水合物分解产生的环境和生物效应的了解还不够全面。北极地区的斯瓦尔巴特群岛及邻区的海底和冻土层中蕴含大量甲烷，对气候变化十分敏感，是人们研究天然气水合物对气候变化的响应机制和其分解对生态环境影响的绝佳场所。系统总结了斯瓦尔巴特群岛及邻区水合物分解的气候与环境效应，发现目前研究区水合物分解产生的甲烷进入大气的年际通量不大，对全球气候的影响可能有限；水合物分解对海底滑坡起到催化剂的作用，但不是首要因素；海底水合物分解释放的甲烷能打破原有的化学平衡、生产力分布规律与输送机制、生物耦合关系甚至不同栖息地间的连通性，进而影响底栖生物群落。这些认识对研究天然气水合物开采对生态环境可能造成的影响和采取相应防治措施具有一定的借鉴意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 北极 甲烷排放 气候变暖 斜坡稳定性 冷泉 底栖生物群落 |
Climatic,Environmental and Biological Impacts of Gas Hydrate
Decomposition in Arctic Svalbard and its Surrounding Areas |
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| NIE Yunfeng,YU Jing,CHEN Hongwen,WAN Ling,FAN Guanghui,FANG Qiang,WU Huaichun.Climatic,Environmental and Biological Impacts of Gas Hydrate
Decomposition in Arctic Svalbard and its Surrounding Areas[J].Geoscience——Journal of Graduate School,China University of Geosciences,2018,32(5):1012. |
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| Authors: | NIE Yunfeng YU Jing CHEN Hongwen WAN Ling FAN Guanghui FANG Qiang WU Huaichun |
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| Institution: | (1State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing100083, China;
2School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing100083, China;
3Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou,Guangdong510075, China) |
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| Abstract: | As a potential huge energy reservoir, natural gas hydrate has a significant impact on climate and marine environment due to its decomposition and release of methane. However, the influence of gas hydrates on environment and biological community has not been thoroughly known. There are a huge amount of methane reservoirs in the seafloor and permafrost in Svalbard and its adjacent areas in Arctic,which is very sensitive to the climate changes, well known as one of the best natural laboratories to study climatic, environmental and biological effects of the gas hydrate decomposition. This paper systematically summarized the relationship between the hydrate decomposition process in Svalbard and its adjacent areas and its effects on climate, marine environment and biology. The results are shown as follows: (1) The current annual emissions of CH4 linked to the decomposition of gas hydrates in the study area cannot reach a level which is detectable against the background emissions, so the effects of CH4 on climate might be limited; (2) Gas hydrate dissociation is often considered as a precursor or triggering factor for submarine slope failures, but not a main cause; (3) The emissions of CH4 can break existing chemical equilibrium, the distributions and transfer pathways of productivity, biological coupling, the connectivity among habitats and the final benthic community. These results might provide references for studying the possible impacts of natural gas hydrate exploration and production on ecological environment and its prevention and control measures. |
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| Keywords: | Arctic methane emission climate warming slope stability cold seep benthic community |
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