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Liquefaction-induced ground deformations at Hotel Sapanca during Kocaeli (Izmit),Turkey earthquake |
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| Authors: | K Onder Cetin T Leslie Youd Raymond B Seed Jonathan D Bray Rodolfo Sancio W Lettis M Tolga Yilmaz H Turan Durgunoglu |
| Institution: | a Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06531, Ankara, Turkey b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA c Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA d William Lettis and Associates Inc., Walnut Creek, CA 94596, USA e Department of Civil Engineering, Bogazici University, 80815 Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a study of liquefaction-induced ground deformations at the Hotel Sapanca site during the 1999 Kocaeli (Izmit)—Turkey earthquake. The paper discusses: (1) observed ground deformations and displacements after the earthquake, (2) the results of field investigations by means of borings and in situ index tests including standard penetration tests (SPT), static cone penetration tests (CPT) and piezocone (CPTU) tests, (3) analyses of observed ground settlements and lateral deformations by a suite of methods, and (4) comparisons of observed and calculated ground movements. |
| Keywords: | Liquefaction Ground displacement Lateral spreading Settlement Standard penetration test Cone penetration test Kocaeli earthquake Gravelly sands |
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