Time series analysis of infrared satellite data for detecting thermal anomalies: a hybrid approach |
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| Authors: | W C Koeppen E Pilger R Wright |
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| Institution: | (1) Earth and Ecological Science Institute, 1 University Place, Orono, ME 04473, USA;(2) Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, 1680 East West Road, POST 602, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA |
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| Abstract: | We developed and tested an automated algorithm that analyzes thermal infrared satellite time series data to detect and quantify
the excess energy radiated from thermal anomalies such as active volcanoes. Our algorithm enhances the previously developed
MODVOLC approach, a simple point operation, by adding a more complex time series component based on the methods of the Robust
Satellite Techniques (RST) algorithm. Using test sites at Anatahan and Kīlauea volcanoes, the hybrid time series approach
detected ~15% more thermal anomalies than MODVOLC with very few, if any, known false detections. We also tested gas flares
in the Cantarell oil field in the Gulf of Mexico as an end-member scenario representing very persistent thermal anomalies.
At Cantarell, the hybrid algorithm showed only a slight improvement, but it did identify flares that were undetected by MODVOLC.
We estimate that at least 80 MODIS images for each calendar month are required to create good reference images necessary for
the time series analysis of the hybrid algorithm. The improved performance of the new algorithm over MODVOLC will result in
the detection of low temperature thermal anomalies that will be useful in improving our ability to document Earth’s volcanic
eruptions, as well as detecting low temperature thermal precursors to larger eruptions. |
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