Flow simulation with reactive transport applied to carbonate rock diagenesis |
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| Institution: | 1. Petroleo Brasileiro S. A, Av. Republica do Chile 65, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Department of Geology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil;1. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. Institute of Oil & Gas, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;3. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China;4. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;2. Unconventional Natural Gas Research Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;3. Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;5. Accumulation and Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base Jointly-constructed by Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China;6. Geoscience Documentation Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 10083, China;7. Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, Sinopec Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, Wuxi 214126, China;1. School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;2. Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Instituto Dom Luiz and Geology Department, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Significant volumes of the known hydrocarbon reserves are found in carbonate rocks, many of these dolomitized. The spatial distribution of diagenesis on these rocks is one of the main challenges in oil reservoir modeling. Reactive transport models can be a powerful tool to understand the active diagenetic processes and their effects on the quality of these reservoirs. In this study it was used, for the first time, the CMG-GEM simulator to model diagenetic evolution of a carbonate sequence, subjected to compaction-driven and geothermal flow in a simulated period of 200 thousand years. It was simulated carbonate cementation, dolomitization and dissolution, with and without presence of faults. Among the analyzed variables, the volume of circulating fluid was the most important factor. For both mechanisms, flow simulated velocities obtained had magnitudes smaller than 10?6 m/day. Diagenesis was insignificant for these low speeds at simulated time interval. Only dolomitized facies presented relevant diagenesis in form of calcite dissolution and dolomite precipitation. Simulations with flow rates of 1 m/day revealed a considerable increase in observed diagenesis, especially in carbonate cementation and in porosity enhancement. Diagenesis was more pronounced in more permeable sediments, highlighting the role of fluid flow in diagenetic reactions. Relative dissolution was greatly reduced during simulations performed with absence of dolomite and dolomitization reactions. The presence of faults strongly influences spatial distribution of diagenesis, especially relatively to dissolution. More permeable facies were more dissolved near fault, decreasing with increasing distance. Low permeability facies, as mudstones, are not dissolved, even near fault. Spatial distribution of diagenesis would then be dependent mainly on the quality of original pore structure, of fault presence and mineral composition of rock. |
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| Keywords: | Reactive transport model Diagenesis Carbonate reservoir CMG-GEM |
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