Phase equilibria in the system K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-CO2 and the stability limit of stilpnomelane in metamorphosed Precambrian iron-formations |
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| Authors: | Takashi Miyano Cornelis Klein |
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| Institution: | (1) Institute of Geoscience, The University of Tsukuba, 305 Ibaraki, Japan;(2) Department of Geology, The University of New Mexico, 87131 Albuquerque, NM, USA |
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| Abstract: | The phase relations of Al- and Fe-bearing silicates in the system K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-CO2, in the presence of quartz and magnetite, are discussed on the basis of mineralogic and petrologic data from Precambrian iron-formations and blueschist facies meta-ironstone from the Franciscan Formation, California. These relations allow an estimation of the physiochemical conditions during low-grade metamorphism of iron-formations. Petrologic data together with available experimental and predicted thermodynamic data on the associated minerals place the upper stability limit of stilpnomelane in iron-formations at about 430–470° C and 5–6 kilobars. Fe-end member stilpnomelane can persist to a maximum temperature of 500° C and pressures up to 6–7 kilobars, although it is unlikely to occur in metamorphosed iron-formations. In iron-formation occurrences the stilpnomelane stability field is bordered by four equilibrium reactions with the assemblages stilpnomelane-zussmanite-chlorite-minnesotaite, stilpnomelane-zussmanite-chlorite-grunerite, stilpnomelane-biotite-chlorite-grunerite, and stilpnomelane-biotite-almandine-grunerite. The stability field is reduced by increasing X(CO2) and X
Mg
Stil
, and is also a function of a(K
+)/ a(H
+) in the metamorphic fluid. If the value of a(K
+)/ a(H
+) is smaller than that defined by the above assemblages, stilpnomelane decomposes to chlorite, but if larger, it is replaced by biotite. At pressures less than 4 kilobars, the zussmanite field is restricted to a very high value of a(K
+)/a(H
+) (> 5.0 in log units at 1.0 kilobar) where iron-formation assemblages are not stable. |
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