Environmental and Physical Controls on the Formation and Transport of Blooms of the Dinoflagellate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cochlodinium polykrikoides</Emphasis> Margalef in the Lower Chesapeake Bay and Its Tributaries |
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| Authors: | Ryan E Morse Jian Shen Jose L Blanco-Garcia William S Hunley Scott Fentress Mike Wiggins Margaret R Mulholland |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA;(2) Department of Physical Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, USA;(3) Center for Coastal and Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA;(4) Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Norfolk, VA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Massive blooms of the harmful alga Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef occurred in the lower Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries during the summers of 2007 and 2008. The Lafayette and
Elizabeth Rivers appeared to act as initiation grounds for these blooms during both years. However, in 2008 there were also
localized sites of initiation and growth of populations within the mesohaline portion of the James River. Bloom initiation
appeared to be correlated with intense, highly localized rainfall events during neap tides. Subsequent spring tides increased
tidal flushing and transport of C. polykrikoides from the Lafayette and Elizabeth Rivers into the lower James River where it was transported upriver by local estuarine circulation.
Blooms dissipated in response to increased wind-driven mixing associated with frontal systems moving through the region. A
combination of physical factors including, seasonal rainfall patterns, increased stratification, nutrient loading, spring-neap
tidal modulation, and complex estuarine mixing and circulation allowed C. polykrikoides to spread and form massive blooms over large portions of the tidal James River and the lower Chesapeake Bay. |
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