Research on the February 18, 1996 earthquake in the caves of Saint-Paul-de-Fenouillet area, (eastern Pyrenees,France) |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre d''étude du karst (CEK), 13, rue Masséna, 06000 Nice, France;2. Institut de protection et de sûreté nucléaire (IPSN), département de protection de l''environnement, Centre d''étude de Fontenay-aux-Roses, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France;3. Commissariat à l''énergie atomique (CEA), département de mécanique et de technologie, Centre d''étude de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France;1. Institute of Statics and Dynamics, Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece;2. Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy;1. Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, CNRS-OPGC-IRD, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France;2. CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Ecole Centrale Marseille, IRPHE, UMR 7342, Marseille, France;3. Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France;1. School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, PR China;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand;1. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University, Welfengarten 1, D-30167, Hannover, Germany;2. Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Stilleweg 2, D-30655, Hannover, Germany;3. Leibnitz Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften P.O Box 510163, D-30631, Hannover, Germany;4. European Environment Agency (EEA), Kongens Nytorv 6, DK-1050, Copenhagen, Denmark;5. Centre Régional de la Recherche Agronomique de Rabat, Avenue Mohamed Belarbi Alaoui, B.P - 6356, Rabat, Morocco;1. Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company (GUPCO), Egypt;2. Geology Department, Sohag University, Egypt;3. Petroleum Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | Eight caves have been investigated near Saint-Paul-de-Fenouillet after the earthquake of 5.2 magnitude of February 1996 which occurred in the eastern Pyrenees (France) and caused moderate damage at the ground surface. The earthquake has been associated with the movement of an E-W fault. The caves had not been visited since the earthquake. Some damage, mainly collapses of soda straws and small rocks, could be attributed to this earthquake. The most interesting cave in the epicentral area is the Paradet cave which is situated on a recently activated fault plane. In this cave, soda straw falls could be attributed to the earthquake, but other more ancient damage was also observed. Analysis of the azimuth of fallen speleothems, which are natural pendulums, may indicate the directions, and an estimation of their mechanical properties gives the threshold of the seismic ground motion amplitude responsible for their collapse, thus supplying information to calibrate damage due to past earthquakes. A statistical study indicates that the main direction of the collapsed soda straws is E-W. Numerical simulations confirm that soda straws are relatively strong objects that may break under certain conditions during earthquakes. |
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