| 有关中国黄土高原黄土物质的源区及其输送方式的再评述 |
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| 引用本文： | 张小曳.有关中国黄土高原黄土物质的源区及其输送方式的再评述[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(2):181-186. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张小曳 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国气象科学研究院中国气象局大气成分观测与服务中心,北京,100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划) |
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| 摘 要： | 仅通过对黄土的研究来认识黄土物质的源地和输送方式、沉降过程往往需要假设和推测一些问题,不够直接和全面,借助对沙漠和大气中沙尘粒子本身的研究则可以更清晰地认识它们.文章在以往对黄土物质源区、输送和沉积过程研究的基础上,对有关这些问题的研究进展,特别是2000～2006年以来的进展给出了进一步的评述.结果表明:蒙古源区、以塔克拉玛干沙漠为主体的中国西部沙漠源区和以巴丹吉林沙漠为中心的中国北部沙漠源区贡献了亚洲沙尘释放总量的约70%,它们可视为亚洲沙尘的3个贡献量最大的源区,也可视为是黄土高原黄土物质的主要源地;有关亚洲沙尘的输送,在接近其源区的区域其沙尘浓度峰值在1km及其以下,在中国内陆其峰值通常在1～3km高度,在日本等东亚区域在2～4km高度,在太平洋中部峰值位于4～5km高度,在美国西部在5～7km的位置.通常,亚洲沙尘的区域尺度输送主要受近地面层东亚冬季风的控制,沙尘穿越太平洋的跨洲输送模式与全球尺度的大气环流变化紧密相关,特别是受中纬度西风带的影响.关于黄土高原黄土物质的沉降和堆积,近地面层东亚冬季风起到的是控制性的作用,沙尘在黄土高原的沉降以干沉降为主.晚第四纪黄土-古土壤中的90%以上是亚洲沙尘粒子的沉积物,不到10%受到了再作用过程的影响.
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| 关 键 词： | 黄土的源区 输送 沉积 中国黄土高原 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-7410（2007）02-181-06 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007-01-21 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007年1月21日 |
REVIEW ON SOURCES AND TRANSPORT OF LOESS MATERIALS ON THE CHINESE LOESS PLATEAU |
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| Zhang Xiaoye.REVIEW ON SOURCES AND TRANSPORT OF LOESS MATERIALS ON THE CHINESE LOESS PLATEAU[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(2):181-186. |
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| Authors: | Zhang Xiaoye |
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| Institution: | Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services, China Meteorological Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081 |
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| Abstract: | There are many assumptions and explanations to assess the sources and transport of the loess materials on the Chinese Loess Plateau. On the basis of the measurements and investigation on soil dust aerosol, especially at the desert regions, better understanding on these issues have been achieved. The deserts in Mongolia and in Western and Northern China (mainly the Taklimakan and Badain Juran, respectively) contribute ca.70% of the total Asian dust emissions, these three areas can be considered as major sources for the loess materials. The regional-scale transport of Asian dust during interglacial stages is mainly attributable to non-dust storm processes and is dominated by northwesterly surface winds. Conversely, during glacial stages the impact of dust storms on the accumulation of loess is enhanced. These regional effects are in contrast to the global-dispersal of dust which is associated with transport by upper-level westerly winds and is mainly the result of desert dust storms during both glacial and interglacial conditions. A further review on other aspect related with sources and transport of loess materials on the Loess Plateau is discussed here. |
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| Keywords: | sources transport loess material the Chinese Loess Plateau |
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