Progress and promise in spatial human dimensions research for ecosystem-based ocean planning |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, 99 Pacific Street, Suite 555E, Monterey, CA 93940, USA;2. Stanford University, Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources (E-IPER), 473 Via Ortega, Room 226, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;1. Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway;2. AZTI, Pasaia, Spain;3. CNR-IAMC, Castellammare del Golfo, Italy;4. CNR-IAMC, Mazara del Vallo, Italy;5. Heriot-Watt University, Orkney, Scotland, UK;6. AquaBiota Water Research, Stockholm, Sweden;7. Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland;8. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;9. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium;10. Deltares, Delft, The Netherlands;11. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Athens, Greece;12. IMARES, Wageningen, The Netherlands;13. ILVO, Oostende, Belgium;14. Ministry for Sustainable Development, the Environment and Climate Change-Fisheries Resource Unit (MSDEC-FRU), Ghammieri, Marsa, Malta;15. Department of Biology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta;p. Thünen-Institute of Sea Fisheries, Hamburg, Germany;q. Institute of Oceanology – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria;1. Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;2. School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;1. AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain;2. TI Institute of Sea Fisheries, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany;3. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO, 7 Place Fontenoy, 75007 Paris, France;1. Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany;2. Mount Allison University, 144 Main Street, Sackville, NB, E4L 1A7, Canada;3. Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3A 5R7, Canada;4. Institute for Resources Environment and Sustainability, Institute for Resources Environment and Sustainability, Aquatic Ecosystem Research Laboratory, 429-2202 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z4, Canada;5. United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, CB3 0DL, UK;6. Centre for Marine and Coastal Policy Research, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK;7. Marine Scotland Science, Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, PO Box 101, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK;8. NAFC Marine Centre, University of the Highlands and Islands, Port Arthur, Scalloway, Shetland, ZE1 0UN, UK;9. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK;1. Environmental and Conservation Sciences, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia;2. California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, 93407, USA;3. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia;1. School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, PO Box 127, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258 Australia;2. Fisheries Research, Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, NSW, 2315 Australia |
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| Abstract: | Human activities in ocean environments have resulted in significant impacts to ocean health and diminishing returns to society from these ecosystems. In response, there have been increasing calls for implementing ecosystem-based approaches to ocean planning and management. Such approaches require consideration of the complexity of human relationships with ecosystems including their social, cultural, political, and economic dimensions in order to develop and implement management viable strategies. This article reviews progress in spatial research on human activities and social dimensions of ocean environments and explores the promise this research has for enhancing ecosystem-based ocean planning. A global review reveals growth in the number and sophistication of research on social dimensions of oceans, with an increasing focus on new tools and technologies that involve stakeholders in the production, maintenance, and use of data in planning processes. Notably, most research is undertaken in the developed rather than the developing world, pointing to possible discrepancies in the capacity and resources required to engage this research. There is promising, albeit limited, evidence for the successful use of social data and applied research approaches in ecosystem-based ocean planning initiatives. This review shows that spatial research on the human dimensions of the ocean environments has much potential to engender a more comprehensive understanding of these complex seascapes, and to aid in planning processes aimed at achieving sustainable social and ecological outcomes. |
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