On the environmental effectiveness of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive |
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| Institution: | 1. Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Hindenburgufer 66, 24105 Kiel, Germany;2. Department of Economics, Christian-Albrechts-University at Kiel, Wilhelm-Selig-Platz 7, 24118 Kiel, Germany;1. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;2. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;3. Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Tasmania, 7004, Australia;4. CSIRO Digital Productivity, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia;1. University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Dluga 44/50, 00241 Warsaw, Poland;2. Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;3. Environmental Social Science Group, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK4000 Roskilde, Denmark;4. Enveco Environmental Economics Consultancy, Måsholmstorget 3, SE127 48 Skärholmen, Sweden;5. Institute for Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Technische Universitat Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany;6. Stockholm Environment Institute Tallinn Centre, Lai str 34, 10133 Tallinn, Estonia;7. Center for Environmental Policy, Juozapavi?iaus Str. 6/2, Building D, LT09310 Vilnius, Lithuania;8. Baltic International Centre for Economic Policy Studies, Strēlnieku iela 4a, LV1010 Riga, Latvia;9. Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Irvine Building, North Street, KY16 9AL, Fife, St Andrews, Scotland, UK;1. School of Business and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway;2. Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Nofima, Norway;1. Public Administration and Policy Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8130, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. Environmental Policy Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8130, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands;1. Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Kiellinie 66, D-24105 Kiel, Germany;2. Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 145, D-10623 Berlin, Germany;3. University of Kiel, Department of Economics, Wilhelm-Seelig-Platz 1, D-24118 Kiel, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Marine and coastal ecosystems – and thus the benefits they create for humans – are subject to increasing pressures and competing usages. For this reason, the European Union (EU) adopted the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), which is to guide future maritime policy in the EU and aims at achieving or maintaining a good environmental status (GES) of European seas by 2020. To this end, the MSFD requires the development of improvement measures, which have to be assessed inter alia by examining their cost-effectiveness and by carrying out cost-benefit analysis (CBA) before their implementation. This paper investigates the applicability of environmental CBA in the marine context. It identifies and discusses problems that could hamper the environmental effectiveness of the MSFD. For example, the fact that marine ecosystem services are much less tangible than terrestrial ones implies greater challenges for the quantification of benefits for society in a marine context. One finding is that the limitations of environmental valuation methods regarding their ability to capture the whole total economic value of improvement measures are a potential source of problems, as the MSFD allows countries to disregard measures with disproportionately high costs. The trans-boundary nature of the main European seas adds to the complexity of the valuation task, e.g., due to the danger that benefits that occur outside of national territories are neglected. Moreover, the current state of knowledge on the functioning of complex marine ecosystems and the links to socio-economic impacts and human well-being seem insufficient to meet the MSFD requirements. |
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