Chemical composition of wet deposition in a Mediterranean site Athens,Greece related to the origin of air masses期刊界 All Journals 搜尽天下杂志传播学术成果专业期刊搜索期刊信息化学术搜索

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Chemical composition of wet deposition in a Mediterranean site Athens,Greece related to the origin of air masses

Authors:	Panagiotis T Nastos Dimitrios Alexakis Helen A Kanellopoulou Akindinos E Kelepertsis

Institution:	(1) Laboratory of Climatology & Atmospheric Environment, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, GR 157 84 Athens, Greece;(2) Laboratory of Geochemistry & Economic Geology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, GR 157 84 Athens, Greece;(3) Laboratory of Climatology and Atmospheric Environment, Department of Geography and Climatology, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, GR 157 84 Athens, Greece

Abstract:	The goal of this study is to determine the chemical composition of rain, in the wider region of Athens, Greece for the time period 1st September 2001 to 31st August 2002. Two model automatic rain samplers were installed in the Meteorological Station of Laboratory of Climatology (latitude: 37° 58′ N, longitude: 23° 47′ E) inside the Athens University Campus and in a site at Heraklio Attica, a northern suburb of Athens (latitude: 38° 03′ N, longitude: 23° 45′ E). The concentrations (μeq l⁻¹) of the major cations (H⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) and anions (Cl⁻, ${\text{NO}}^{ - }_{3}$ , ${\text{HCO}}^{ - }_{3}$ και ${\text{SO}}^{{2 - }}_{4}$ ), as well as pH and conductivity of rain in 39 total samples were determined. The figures of pH range from 6.4 to 8.4 and conductivity from 8 to 207 μS cm⁻¹. The analysis showed that Ca²⁺ ions are abundant within all examined samples, while ${\text{HCO}}^{ - }_{3}$ and ${\text{SO}}^{{2 - }}_{4}$ present the highest concentrations from the anions. In order to find out the origin of the air masses, the air mass back trajectories were calculated. Five sectors of the origin of air masses were revealed: the North, the South, the Local, the West and the East sector. Multivariate methods included Factor Analysis and Discriminant Analysis were applied to the examined ion concentrations and three main factors were extracted, which discriminated the ions according to their origin. The first group of ions is interpreted as the result of the anthropogenic activity, the second group represents the acidity–alkalinity independently of their source and the third one the marine influence.

Keywords:	Air mass back trajectories Discriminant analysis Factor analysis Major anions Major cations Wet deposition
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